Annotated Bibliography For Dilemma

Annotated bibliography for dilemma

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Annotated bibliography for dilemma

Article 1:

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY When Ethics Matters – Interpreting the Ethical Discourse of Small Nature-Based Entrepreneurs SpringerLink. (n.d.). Retrieved January 21, 2019, from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-005-5333-4

Evidence exists that’s harm reduction interventions prevent negative consequences of problematic substance abuse. But still governments don’t endorsee these interventions. This paper analysis the ethical theories on two that bears on the problems of substance abuse. These two problems are harm reduction approaches and abstinence based approaches. Three ethical models are used to analyze the conflict between abstinence based approaches and harm reduction approaches. Usually principals of autonomy, no maleficence, beneficence and justice are applied to address these issues in the ethical field. But in this paper Deontological ethics, Utilitarianism and Aristotle’s theory of ethics will be used. This paper analyzed all the objections against harm reduction according to ethical theories. It is revealed that all harm reduction interventions are justified on the basis of utilitarian theory as all such policies will provide benefit to the huge number of population. But according to deontological theory, values guiding harm reduction are not ethical because interventions focus on examining the consequences. Thus it is essential to find equilibrium between the two approaches.

Article 2:

Bloch, S., & Green, S. A. (2006). An ethical framework for psychiatry. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 188(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.188.1.7

This article discusses the dilemma of lack of consensus in the field of psychiatry regarding the basis for ethical judgment making and deciding the corresponding action. Various theories of ethics are discussed in the article Kantianism, Utilitarianism, principle-based ethics, Virtue theory and Ethics of care. All these theories are in contradiction to each other thus cause confusion and immobilize the clinicians. These theories are applied in the fields of bioethics by the psychiatrics and modern philosophers. Paper suggests that all the shortcomings can be minimized if we address the rule based and character based ethics by proffering flexibility in the clinical practices. Instead of perusing single theoretical framework, psychiatrists should gather strengths of well-suited approaches. Complementarity of principlism is proposed as solution, with its focus on the respect on autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, justice and care ethics as variants of virtue theory.

Article 3:

When Ethics Matters – Interpreting the Ethical Discourse of Small Nature-Based Entrepreneurs | SpringerLink. (n.d.). Retrieved January 21, 2019, from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-005-5333-4

Aim of this article is to examine the ethical concerns that are faced by the small entrepreneurs that run small their everyday small businesses. For this research qualitative and empirical data is used by approaching the nature based entrepreneurs. Interpretations are made about the data from point of view of four mangers-owners of small businesses. Characteristic of these businesses operations are based on the means of the nature or experience that is offered by nature. And six different kinds of businesses situations were identified. These situations of the businesses include selection of raw material suppliers, process of pricing, lack of resources, the quality of production, information of content required for marketing, building relationships with the employees and relationships and collaboration between the entrepreneurs.

All the possible ethical arguments that are used in these business situations were identified and then examined in relation to the three basic ethical theories; deontology of John Stuart Mill, utilitarianism of Immanuel Kant and virtue-ethics of Aristotle.

Article 4:

Bartels, D. M., & Pizarro, D. A. (2011). The mismeasure of morals: Antisocial personality traits predict utilitarian responses to moral dilemmas. Cognition, 121(1), 154–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2011.05.010

This article focuses on the uniqueness of moral judgments, attitudes, normativity and moral dilemmas. It questions the detection of utilitarian reactions with optimum ethical judgment by exhibiting the ratification of utilitarian resolutions to a set of frequently availed moral dilemmas. The moral dilemmas associate with mental personas that can be categorized as insensitive and devious. These results are assumed to give rise to a significant procedural apprehension i.e. optimum morality. The paper delivers the proof that the utilitarian inclinations are allied with a diversity of mental behaviors linked with the clinical masses.

The article demonstrates that the extensively adapted use of sacrificial dilemmas in the study of ethical verdict fails to discriminate among people who are driven to ratify utilitarian moral sets. This authorization transpires because of the original emotional shortages. The paper also discusses how these demonstrations give rise to a practical concern in the study of ethical ruling that people should be cautious of supporting a technique that associates the worth of ethical judgment with reactions that are endorsed chiefly by entities that are professed to be less ethical. The pragmatic demonstration points to the tricky nature of learning ethical decision by recognizing faults in how entities react to ethical dilemmas.

Article 5:

Gardiner, P. (2003). A virtue ethics approach to moral dilemmas in medicine. Journal of Medical Ethics, 29(5), 297–302. https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.29.5.297

This article analyzes two distinct moral or ethical dilemmas utilizing virtue ethics so as to exemplify how it can boost the tactic to morals in medicine. The paper discusses two different moral dilemmas as instances. In the first instance, the virtue moralist identifies and equalizes the basic need of compassion towards distinct entities and separates the inventive ways of resolving the necessity for contributions and that of the underprivileged. In the other instance, the virtue moralist explores the specifics and emotive sensitivities keeping sympathy and conviction in check. It is noted that one of the basic temptations of virtue ethics is the elasticity to evaluate every condition exclusively. It is concluded that the significance of living a virtuous life is expected to be as great as interactive influences to the active process of human success.