Annotated Bibliography

Submitted by

Submitted to

Assignment

Date

Annotated Bibliography

EurekAlert. “The Bird That Came Back from the Dead.” EurekAlert!,

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-05/uop-tbt050919.php.

The question that has puzzled scientists is about iterative evolution. They decided to look at the fossils of this animal before and after the flood. "These fossils are irrefutable proof that an ancestor of the family of rallids, probably from Madagascar, colonized the atoll twice, and he lost his ability to fly twice," explains by Dr. Julian Hume, a paleontologist at the Natural History Museum in London. Experts studied the fossils of the birds that inhabited that place; after 100 thousand years ago, sea levels fell again during the next ice age, the toll being once again colonized by non-flying wings.

Katz, Brigit. "How Evolution Brought a Flightless Bird Back From Extinction."

Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 13 May 2019, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-evolution-brought-flightless-bird-back-extinction-180972166/.

The study made it possible to compare the bones of the birds before the flood with those that came to inhabit the place after the atoll resurfaced. With this, the specialists determined that the original species of Madagascar subsequently gave rise to two different species of non-flying valid in Aaldabra with a difference of thousands of years. We do not know of any other case invalid, or in birds in general, that demonstrates the phenomenon of iterative evolution so clearly," said David Martill, a professor at the School of Terrestrial and Environmental Studies at the University of Portsmouth in England and One of the authors of the study.

Irving, Michael. "Extinct Bird Resurrected as Evolution Starts over Again." New Atlas, 13 May

2019, https://newatlas.com/extinct-bird-reappears-iterative-evolution/59639/.

An iterative (or repetitive) evolution is a rare phenomenon, made possible by "the absence of a terrestrial predator or mammal competing," says Professor David Martill of Portsmouth University. It is also the first time, according to scientists, that we can prove this evolution irrefutably in birds. These unique fossils provide irrefutable evidence that white-throated rattles colonizing the atoll have become unable to fly twice," concludes Julian Hume, lead author of the study. As nature sometimes gives you back what it has already taken you. It remains how the species will react to the (re) gradual rise in sea level, this time due to global warming.

Hume, Julian P., and David Martill. "Repeated evolution of flightlessness in Dryolimnas rails

(Aves: Rallidae) after extinction and recolonization on Aldabra." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186.3 (2019): 666-672.

Evolution follows a recipe. It's a bit like making a cake, but much more complicated - and with many more variations. But in principle, if you put the same ingredients with the same dosages in your mold, it will always come out the same cake. The idea is the same here. This recurrence is called "iterative evolution." Recently, one of these cases of "resurrection" was found on the island of Aldabra, a coral atoll located north of Madagascar. Nature works in conservative ways, and flying is very costly from an energy point of view. If birds do not need to fly to escape predators, it will not take long to lose their ability to fly," said Hume.

Wanless, Ross M., and Philip AR Hockey. "Natural history and behavior of the Aldabra Rail

(Dryolimnas [Cuvieri] aldabranus)." The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 120.1 (2008): 50-61.

Evolution is a process that allows life to adapt to new environments and conditions. It often happens that everything does not go as planned and that a species goes out for one reason or another. But it also happens sometimes that nature allows a second chance. If the ingredients in the recipe are the same, of course, it happens on a small island in the Indian Ocean. About 136,000 years ago, a bird unable to fly disappeared. He is then "returned" to life.