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Annotated bibliography

Source 1: Tocqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America. 1835.

The primary source is Tocqueville’s book “Democracy in America” that will be used for explaining the historical aspects of democracy. The themes of democratic revolution are used for understanding what was the perceptive of Tocqueville about American democratic system. It is also used for comparing the views of the writer with the current dynamics of American democracy. The source is useful because it highlights the themes of state’s role, development of just political system and fair social environment for the people. I will use this source for understanding how democracy today is different than Tocqueville’s perceptive.

Source 2: Lillard, Richard G. "Democracy in America. By Alexis de Tocqueville ." Journal of American History 32.2 (1945): 262–263.

The article explains the history of democracy explained by Tocqueville. It highlights various bibliographies and facts mentioned about the topic by the writer. This can be seen as one of the authentic history on American democracy. It also highlights the credibility of the source and its significance in understanding the actual events. This source is useful for the paper because it highlights many events related to the American democracy. I will use this source for explaining how democracy gained momentum CITATION Ric45 \l 1033 (Lillard).

Source 3: Poppe, Annika Elena. "Harmony and Resilience: US Democracy Promotion's Basic Premises ." Foreign Policy Analysis, 15.4 (2019): 530–547.

The article explores how America has changed over the years based sociological perspectives. It explains that the reality of America is different from the original idea of its creation that was to promote democracy and provide better living opportunities to the people CITATION Ann19 \l 1033 (Poppe). The article is useful because its highlights the facts that proves the changes in American democracy. I will use this source for proving the argument that the meaning of democracy and Americanization has changed today that is against the idea of Tocqueville. The article will be used for providing evidentiary support to the claims about the changes in America.

Source 4: Bhambra, Gurminder K. "A sociological dilemma: Race, segregation and US sociology ." Curr Sociol. 62.4 (2014): 472–492.

The article uncovers the factors that proves America has changed today than history. It determines the sociological aspects of Americans and how they have changed throughout years. The article is useful because it highlights the changing nature of the Americans due to the sociological factors such as race, segregation and discrimination. I will use the article for proving the argument that the attitudes of white Americans have changed today and that shows their deviation from the past CITATION Gur14 \l 1033 (Bhambra). This research will also be used for comparing the events with Tocqueville’s explanation.

Source 5: Curry, James M. "In-Depth Qualitative Research and the Study of American Political Institutions." PS: Political Science & Politics 15.1 (2017): 114-120.

The qualitative research explores the changing role of American political institutes in the modern era. The source uses qualitative methodology by conducting interviews with the historians obtained from reliable database such as JStor. The source is useful because it provides perspectives of various historians about the changing democracy of America. The qualitative research will be used in the current study for examining the changing role of politics and leaders. I will use this source for supporting the argument that with time the democracy transformed and deviated from the original concept of Tocqueville CITATION Jam172 \l 1033 (Curry).

Paper

Argument: American democracy today is different from the one explained by Tocqueville.

Tocqueville’s belief that America offers the best model of equality has changed in modern America. The absence of traditional hierarchies in America and individualism remained prominent political and social ideas of the country. The beliefs were developed on the facts that in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries America was open for the people of different ethnicities and cultures. The sociological view of Tocqueville has become non-existent in the current period due to the rising restrictions on Chinese trade and strict immigration reforms. The recent actions of President Trump for changing immigration policies is against Tocqueville’s idea of equality. The president has blamed immigrants for increasing job competition for the local people and for bringing crimes. Such perspectives according to sociologists reflect nationalist views of American leader CITATION Ric45 \l 1033 (Lillard).

American individualism was based on the idea of offering equal opportunities to the people. Trump’s agenda of cracking on the immigrants and considering them as a threat to local people reflects rejection of Tocqueville’s sociological views. The changing work conditions and laws for the immigrants will undermine career opportunities for them. These changes depict anti-immigrant attitudes that will pose challenges for the future immigrant generations CITATION Ann19 \l 1033 (Poppe). The concerns of the political leaders indicates that the current democracy is not as the one explained by Tocqueville. It can be proved by understanding the sociological views that claims that immigrants today are struggling due to their different ethnicities and identities. In-depth interviews with the sociologists of twentieth century; Huitt and Fenno states that the role of democracy has changed and it does not promote the concept of equality CITATION Jam172 \l 1033 (Curry). The views of Du. Bois can also be used for proving the minority populations and immigrants are still struggling for their rights. Black segregation is prevalent in schools, politics and workplace that proves the absence of equality. “The exclusions of race and the history of racial segregation, and the failure to analyze the history of US sociology in this context” CITATION Gur14 \l 1033 (Bhambra). The sociologists of the twentieth century challenged the issue of race, segregation and discrimination.

By comparing the modern sociologists with Tocqueville, it can be deduced that the America has not attained its ideology of promoting equality and offering better opportunities to the immigrants.

Work Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY Bhambra, Gurminder K. "A sociological dilemma: Race, segregation and US sociology ." Curr Sociol. 62.4 (2014): 472–492.

Curry, James M. "In-Depth Qualitative Research and the Study of American Political Institutions." PS: Political Science & Politics 15.1 (2017): 114-120.

Lillard, Richard G. "Democracy in America. By Alexis de Tocqueville ." Journal of American History 32.2 (1945): 262–263.

Poppe, Annika Elena. "Harmony and Resilience: US Democracy Promotion's Basic Premises ." Foreign Policy Analysis, 15.4 (2019): 530–547.

Tocqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America. 1835.