Field Report

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

[Subject]

[Date]

Field report

Ivisited the St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church, last week. I was fascinated to see this historical church of the Greek Orthodox community. St. Nicholas crowds yearly Epiphany festival on January 6. In this festival, schoolboys of age 16 to 18 hangout into Spring Bayou to regain good luck for the successive year. The visitors told me that this festival is the major occasion in the hemisphere with thousands of attendants. I saw a figure of an epiphany swimmer is positioned in anterior side of the church. The main building was designed by the Eugene Brothers of Chicago in 1943, demonstrated in fragments after Hagia Sophia. It is a native milestone which has been highlighted on picture postcards in Gothic Revival styles. Renowned geographies comprise 23 marked crystal windows nearby the dome portraying incidents of lifecycle of Jesus and Saints. Hand-made by Joseph V. Llorens of Atlanta. Inside the dome are three huge chandeliers introduced from Czechoslovakia. In 1939, the bench was initially part of the Greek exhibition at New York fair. The inner is splendidly ornamented with images, numerous by Greek iconographer. 41 images, supported by numerous associates of the community, were transported here in 1952. December 4, 1969, the image of Saint Nicholas was detected to have droplets of humidity, and various deliberate it a Weeping Image.

The public hints its past related to John Cocoris, a native of Arcadia, Greece. Visitors told me that he settled here and turn out to be a wealthy exfoliator swimmer and trader. The Greeks started moving here from other parts of the world for trading purpose. The inhabitants were large in number to be supported by Greek Orthodox Church at that time. There were postcards displayed depicting that the first construction of the church was completed at a cost of $300 for land and $3500 for construction. Later, the community constructed a college here in 1925. By 1935, the community has expanded the first church and initiated a scheme for raising money toward existing construction. The construction was initiated in 1941 and was finished in 1943. It was sponsored by Achbishop Athenagoras at Epiphany. St. Nicholas was an important focus of public with main festivals neighboring Epiphany, Greek Independence Day, and Orthodox Easter. Worshiping this, the Tarpon Springs Panel of Officials approved a resolution labelling the city the "Epiphany City" of the United States in 1975 (Davis, 2018).

Foundamental beliefs

Catholics are, leading and primary, Christians who trust that Jesus Christ is the Son of God. They also share some principles with Christian communities, but critical Catholic views comprise the Bible, Baptism, Holy Trinity and God’s Ten Commandments. The Bible is the revealed manuscript of God. Baptism is essential for deliverance whether the Baptism happen by water, blood or wish. God’s Ten Commandments deliver an ethical direction, a standard of living ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a27pn0sk87u","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hornsby-Smith, 2009)","plainCitation":"(Hornsby-Smith, 2009)"},"citationItems":[{"id":86,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/R8T5RX8U"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/R8T5RX8U"],"itemData":{"id":86,"type":"book","title":"Roman Catholic beliefs in England: Customary Catholicism and transformations of religious authority","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","ISBN":"0-521-09327-9","author":[{"family":"Hornsby-Smith","given":"Michael P."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hornsby-Smith, 2009). The presence of the Holy Trinity that is a belief of one God in three persons. Catholics identify the harmony of body and soul for all human beings. So the entire religion cores on the fact that humanity stands among the two worlds of substance and soul.

Appearance of sect

Although faith remains significant in the lives of various Americans, the 2014 Spiritual Landscape research discovers that Americans as an entire population have developed rather less spiritual in current years. Approximately, nine-in-ten Americans (89%) have faith in God according to the spiritual landscape study. Liberty of faith is considered by numerous people to be an essential human right. In Florida, with a state religion, liberty of faith is usually reflected that is the government allows spiritual practices of all sects also the state religion. It does not oppress followers in other beliefs. Liberty of faith is diverse as it permits the right to consider what an individual, crowd or religion desires ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a2o9uc9d6n3","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Adibe, 2012)","plainCitation":"(Adibe, 2012)"},"citationItems":[{"id":78,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/23PI5SR5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/23PI5SR5"],"itemData":{"id":78,"type":"article-journal","title":"Boko Haram: One sect, conflicting narratives","container-title":"African Renaissance","page":"47-64","volume":"9","issue":"1","author":[{"family":"Adibe","given":"Jideofor"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2012"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Adibe, 2012). However, it does not certainly permit the right to exercise the faith or belief openly portraying others wrong. This is the reason here in South Florida, almost all of the religions have the liberty to practice and exercise their own beliefs and religious activities. The liberty of faith is announced to all the communities existing in Florida.

Art and symbols of the Religion

The idea of symbolism has been predominant in catholic human philosophy, community structure, and spiritual system. Their symbols and codes show a vigorous role in their life. These are articles upon which opinions and prayers are concentrated. The opinion of these symbols act as marks of belief, learning tools, and helps on the passage towards accomplishing their targets in life ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"a210o71n54u","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Hornsby-Smith, 2009)","plainCitation":"(Hornsby-Smith, 2009)"},"citationItems":[{"id":86,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/R8T5RX8U"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/R8T5RX8U"],"itemData":{"id":86,"type":"book","title":"Roman Catholic beliefs in England: Customary Catholicism and transformations of religious authority","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","ISBN":"0-521-09327-9","author":[{"family":"Hornsby-Smith","given":"Michael P."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Hornsby-Smith, 2009). For example, the crucifix is a sign of sacrifice and compensation, displayed in churches, agreeing from the Bible, Jesus expired due to the evils of the world. Also the alpha and omega symbols communicating the sureness of the belief that God exists.

Dress and articles of clothing

Religious outfit is a dress which is worn in order to practice religion, custom or implication to a faith. It comprises of religious outfit such as robes and other garments. Accessories comprise of caps and wedding jewels. They entail their women and men to look in community and public places with clothes of modest size, sleeves also of modest size. Furthermore, they entail their men to imitate according to the bible standards.

Forms of ritual and Religious festivals

The Classical Catholic church celebrates seven ceremonies including Baptism, Holy orders, Matrimony, Penance and the Eucharist. Extreme Unction is also celebrated by this community. The Protestant church only celebrates Baptism and the Eucharist since these only can be verified from Scripture. Various kinds of Christianity celebrate diverse holidays announced by the government and perceive holy days. However, all customs observe the next 6 holy days that are, Christmas on 25th December as mark of the birth of Jesus Christ. Epiphany on 6 January as mark of the Voyage of 3 Rulers to worship Jesus in Bethlehem. Good Friday as the Friday before Easter. It remembers Jesus’ desire (sorrow). The Easter as a mark of the revival of Jesus from the vault. Ascension is the Forty days after Easter, on this day, the rise of Christ to paradise is remembered ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"al8lu33e4h","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kahn, 2010)","plainCitation":"(Kahn, 2010)"},"citationItems":[{"id":81,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/XP6IJZB3"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/ONknjWue/items/XP6IJZB3"],"itemData":{"id":81,"type":"article-journal","title":"Are Muslims the New Catholics-Europe's Headscarf Laws in Comparative Historical Perspective","container-title":"Duke J. Comp. & Int'l L.","page":"567","volume":"21","author":[{"family":"Kahn","given":"Robert A."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kahn, 2010). The Pentecost as the seventh Sunday next to the Easter is celebrated. It marks the succession of the Holy Soul upon the believers, which initiated the effort of the Church.

Conclusion

It’s a faith and trust system that values human life. In Catholicism, a normal Catholic, trusts manhood and God collectively. This enables them to believe success over evil. They believe the positivity over discomfort and sorrow. They believe in positivity above all the powers of darkness that will constantly occur in life. The opinion is to stay positive and comprehensive in all aspects of life. Catholicism awards countless gifts in the form of charity towards humanity. Particularly today, when it’s easy to feel stuck in the air of annoyance, doubt, negativity and misery, it is very easy for someone to become hopeless. Together they celebrate life which indicates that God’s name is carved upon all of the souls. The trust that natural life is worthy and prized, this separates Catholicism from other various religions. No matter what encounters or harsh periods may happen life would be appreciated in catholic principles.

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Adibe, J. (2012). Boko Haram: One sect, conflicting narratives. African Renaissance, 9(1), 47–64.

Hornsby-Smith, M. P. (2009). Roman Catholic beliefs in England: Customary Catholicism and transformations of religious authority. Cambridge University Press.

Kahn, R. A. (2010). Are Muslims the New Catholics-Europe’s Headscarf Laws in Comparative Historical Perspective. Duke J. Comp. & Int’l L., 21, 567.

Final Paper

Hispanic Americans

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Hispanic Americans

Introduction

Hispanic America which in Spanish is known as (America Hispana or even Hispanoamerica), which is also called as Spanish America is the district containing the Spanish-speaking countries found within America. These nations tend to have significant shared traits with one another along with Spain, it is previous European Metropole. Spanish is used as the principal language in these nations, some of the times imparting official status to at least one or even more than one native dialect (Baik et al., 2019). The perfect example here would be of Aymara, Guaraní, and Mayan along with Quechua, or even English within the territory of Puerto Rico. There is no doubt that Catholicism of the Romans is found as the most empowering religion. Hispanic America likewise diverges from Latin America, which incorporates Hispanic America.

Assimilation

According to an article by Qian, sociologists of America have built up a rich collection regarding theories as well as ideas dependent on assimilation encounters of foreigners who originated from Europe in the year 1820's to the year 1920s. Therefore, it will not be considered wrong to refer to this assortment of work as the customer’s point of view on assimilation. Numerous theories regarding the assimilation are specially crafted by Robert Park. Park contended further that assimilation is inescapable in a vote based and modern culture. While referring to the political framework dependent on majority ruled government, fair equity, along with impartiality, all these groups or gatherings will in the long run secure equivalent treatment under the ordinance (Qian et al., 2018).

In a mechanical economy, individuals will, in general, make a decision on normal grounds that are based on their capacities and gifts and especially never through race or ethnicity. Park trusted that as American culture kept on modernizing, industrializing, urbanizing and racial along with ethnic gatherings would continuously lose their significance. Milton Gordon, who made a noteworthy commitment to this theory of assimilation in his famous book about the assimilation found with the lives of people of America. For example: Starting from Mexicans to Cubans that field the viciousness of revolt, to the territory of Puerto Ricans who still battle with the subject of statehood, each rush of Latin Americans has helped in adding a layer of assorted variety to the nation, and had their needs in assimilation.

Pluralism

Pluralism in a culture that exists when these different groups have not yet been acculturated as well as each keeps up its very own specific personality. These groups might speak various dialects, and practice various religions (Robbins, 2017). These particular groups are a piece of a similar society as well as they might even live in adjoining regions. However, they tend to live in various universes. A large number of Native Americans are seen to be socially pluralistic. There is no doubt that they tend to keep up their conventional dialects as well as societies along with living lonely reservations. One of the religious networks called the Amish, in some cases is also known as the Pennsylvania Dutch. They undoubtedly tend to focus on spending a lifestyle that revolves around cultivating. Apart from this, they keep up culture as well as an institutional life. The matter of fact is that such culture is way separate as compared to the overwhelming society as per the article by Robbins.

For example, According to the subprocess of Gordon, another sort of pluralism is seen to be found when the gathering has seen to be acculturated but not coordinated. In simple words, it can be said that the gathering has received the Anglo-American culture still does not consist of having complete and comparable access to the formations of a better society (Case, 2015). In such a scenario that is known as the structural pluralism, social contrasts are negligible still however, these groups hold various areas in the social structure. Such sort of gatherings or groups might be seen speaking with a similar accent, have a common taste in eating, seeking after similar objectives, as well as have similar traditions (Robbins, 2017). However, it must be considered that they may likewise keep up isolated hierarchical frameworks, including various houses of schools, worships, clubs even neighborhoods.

Pluralism then again exists when several different groups keep up their singular personalities. While referring the pluralistic culture, these groups stay independent, as well as their cultural and social contrasts persevere after some time. Sociological talks about pluralism frequently begin with the contribution of Horace Kellen in this work. The articles in the Nation magazine of the year 1915 stated how Kellen contended that individuals do not need to completely surrender their way of life as well as their conventions to turn out to be full members of the American culture. He also thought that the presence of discrete ethnic gatherings, even with independent societies, religions and dialects were steady with a vote-based system along with other major American qualities (Robbins, 2017).

Racism

According to an article written by Hainmueller, Americans see hindrances especially regarding Hispanics and for blacks within the USA. A great number of adults of about 56 percent state being dark skinned damages the capacity of individuals to excel in any event. Conversely, 59 percent state being white, causes the capacity of individuals to excel. Perspectives about the effect of being Asian or Native Americans are increasingly blended. Hispanics, Asians as well as Blacks are more probable as compared to whites to state being white cause individuals’ capacity to excel in any field. Among the whites, the individuals who are progressively taught, just as the individuals who relate to or look forward towards Democratic Party, are especially prone to see points of benefit to being white (Smith et al., 2017).

For example: According to an article by Hainmueller the purpose of which was to investigate the public’s audit regarding racism found within America concerning Hispanics and Black. Majority of the Americans i.e. about 65 percent including larger parts of crosswise over ethnic and racial gatherings, state it has turned out to be progressively regular for individuals to express racist or racially uncaring perspectives ever since Trump was chosen as the president of America. A small yet generous offer 45 percent state this has turned out to be progressively satisfactory (Hainmueller et al., 2015).

Multiculturalism

Multiculturalism establishes a significant component of the school atmosphere, however, the connection among multiculturalism that is perceived as well as a scholarly accomplishment is not been generally considered. This theory analyzed the impact of the impression of understudies. After effects of the basic condition demonstrating uncovered that apparent multiculturalism was altogether emphatically identified with ethnocultural compassion especially for Hispanics as well as regarding Asian Americans. In a nutshell, it can be said that it was prescient of scholastic accomplishments for Hispanics. In general, these discoveries recommend that cultivating a school atmosphere steady of multiculturalism might help to improve the differences.

For example: "Melting spot" analogy expected that after some time the particular propensities, traditions, as well as conventions related with specific gatherings would vanish as individuals assimilated in the bigger culture. Remarkably American culture would rise, that would suit a few components of assorted migrant societies. For example, occasion conventions and language phrases, in another specific circumstance according to Fuchs, in the year 1900.

Ethnocentricity

Social identity is the feeling to have a place with a gathering. Social identity is considered to be a piece of self-orientation and self-observation of an individual. The matter of fact is that social identity is often identified with nationality, social class, ethnicity, territory, age, religion or any particular social gathering that tends to have its own particular culture. Thus, social identity is both normal for individuals having the equivalent social character or childhood. This exploration tried to check Americans ethnocentricity as to Hispanic foreigners and related those dimensions for predisposition with instruction levels.

For example, Another instrument was produced for estimating ethnocentricity, and it demonstrated solid reliability, approving it for the potential use of concerning the research in the future. The discoveries uncovered quantifiable dimensions if ethnocentricity along with inclination were steady with the inclination and were steady with earlier research of demonstrating that respondents who had the least dimensions of instruction.

Diversity

Presently in America, they are looked with a few changed groups of minority touching base of the United States. The most widely recognized regarding all of the minority groups that are touching the base of America is especially Hispanics. English is known as America's language. However, with the passage of time that language has blurred and the English language took a new turn and took control, that modified language is now known as Spanish (Baik et al., 2019). The general population of America has turned out to be questionable over this significant change, and because of that real bilingualism and political developments that have happened from the administration to the training offices.

For example, America known for having a blend of cultures or also known as the “melting spot” shows how different cultures are being practiced within America. Today a huge number of Latino and Hispanics can be seen within the states of America after immigration. However, each of these diverse cultures shows huge differences when compared to one another.

Crash: The Movie:

A movie related to this Hispanic Americans called as Crash was released in the year 2004 that describes the lives, accidents, and racism faced by these Hispanics. The movie portrays about spending more than the 36-hour time span within Los Angeles. It gives the idea of a bunch of unique characters' lives entwines as they tend to manage the strained race relations that give a false representation of life within that city. When it comes to the characters involved in the movie, there may see a Caucasian lead prosecutor, who utilizes race as a political issue; his Caucasian spouse, who is seen to be recently carjacked by two dark-skinned men. The matter of fact is that she trusts that her cliché perspectives on non-whites are legitimized as well as can't be viewed as prejudice. When it comes to the two dark-skinned carjackers who blame their race, for the purpose of receiving the further potential benefit and; banded together Caucasian police constables.

On the other hand, the other person who despises his accomplice due to racial discrimination that he sees, however, who might have the equivalent fundamental values deep in his mind. The director of the movie is a Black along with his Dark-skinned wife, who seems to be trusting her better half which does not encourage their Black foundation or origin enough, particularly in light of an episode with a discriminatory white cop. The matter of fact is that the police investigators were partners now but will be close to each other in the future, one being the dark-skinned male and other being a Hispanic female. A storekeeper who is a Persian tends to feel like he is not getting enough fulfillments from American culture when his store is burglarized consistently.

References

Baik, S. H., Fox, R. S., Mills, S. D., Roesch, S. C., Sadler, G. R., Klonoff, E. A., & Malcarne, V. L. (2019). Reliability and validity of the perceived stress Scale-10 in Hispanic Americans with English or Spanish language preference. Journal of health psychology, 24(5), 628-639.

Case, A., & Deaton, A. (2015). Rising morbidity and mortality in midlife among white non-Hispanic Americans in the 21st century. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(49), 15078-15083.

Conomos, M. P., Laurie, C. A., Stilp, A. M., Gogarten, S. M., McHugh, C. P., Nelson, S. C., ... & Young, K. L. (2016). Genetic diversity and association studies in US Hispanic/Latino populations: applications in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 98(1), 165-184.

Fox, M., Entringer, S., Buss, C., DeHaene, J., & Wadhwa, P. D. (2015). Intergenerational transmission of the effects of acculturation on health in Hispanic Americans: a fetal programming perspective. American journal of public health, 105(S3), S409-S423.

Hainmueller, J., & Hopkins, D. J. (2015). The hidden American immigration consensus: A conjoint analysis of attitudes toward immigrants. American Journal of Political Science, 59(3), 529-548.

Hollingshead, N. A., Ashburn-Nardo, L., Stewart, J. C., & Hirsh, A. T. (2016). The pain experience of Hispanic Americans: a critical literature review and conceptual model. The Journal of Pain, 17(5), 513-528.

Lawton, D. M., Gasquoine, P. G., & Weimer, A. A. (2015). Age of dementia diagnosis in community dwelling bilingual and monolingual Hispanic Americans. Cortex, 66, 141-145.

Qian, Z., Lichter, D. T., & Tumin, D. (2018). Divergent pathways to assimilation? Local marriage markets and intermarriage among US Hispanics. Journal of Marriage and Family, 80(1), 271-288.

Robbins, T. (2017). In gods we trust: New patterns of religious pluralism in America. Routledge.

Smith, T. B., Bowman, R., & Hsu, S. (2017). Racial attitudes among Asian and European American college students: A cross-cultural examination.

Yip, B., Liu, L., & Murray, J. (2018). Impact of Cultural Factors on Suicide Risk Assessment in Asian Americans and Hispanic Americans.

Frida

Culture

Name

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

Frida

Helene Cixous in her essay converses gender-based structure that women are imposed to. People need to question the connection between the sexuality and writing in order to bring women from the absence they have been. It is what she finds in order to destabilize the masculine structure. In order to challenge the predefined ideological system in which women were force to live, the main character, Frida is able to break free from the complex web of cultural determinations in the movie. The movie ‘Frida’ took place in the back stage of Mexican Revolution. The role of a women in 1900s was a submissive one but it was not much visible. In the social construction women role was to get married and have children. However, the situation started to transform and changed. To break free from such behavior and in order to become more noticeable some women from all around the world started to take steps. According to predefined ideological system a woman follow the norms and roles that are assigned by the society. For instance, to get married it is predefined that a man should be handsome and rich. Apart from handsome and rich a man should be faithful but in the case of Frida in the movie, she is rebellious and determined. She thinks otherwise of predefined ideological system. Initially in her marriage, she tells her husband Diego Rivera that she expects him to be “not faithful, but loyal”. They both are passionate and jealousy is something which is unknown to them.

The culture determinations that were place for women to follow during the period were broken by Frida in the movie ‘Frida’. Frida was able to break the chains by challenging the norms of Mexican society. The role that is given to women by the society is defined through her behavior. Throughout the film actions like being sexually active before marriage and sneaking a boy into her house is not acceptable in the society and not well seen. However the movie shows that both man and woman are caught in a complex web of cultural determinations. They both are imprisoned within a predefined ideological system that goes back to history of ancient.

Goals



Goals [Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Goals

“Only I can change my life, no one can do it for me”

(Carol Burnett)

Who does not want to be successful? Success is a power that everyone wants to master, but not everyone knows that it requires a great level of effort and hard work. To achieve success, a person should be very patient and extremely consistent by nature, so that they can tackle the hardships coming in the way (Breen, & Lindsay, 2002). Success also requires two more things; a proper understanding and alignment of goals and a clear roadmap in the mind that how to achieve those goals.

I, also have certain dreams and goals in my mind, to achieve success and be a better person in life. I would like to tell about the three most significant goals in my life, which I dream to achieve. The first and foremost goal in my life is “to educate a poor child”. The goal may sound like a very common and mainstream wish but for me, it has a very significant meaning. My second goal in life is “to achieve my desired body type”. And my third and final goal in life is “achieve the annual international scholarship”.

My first goal is related to my social and spiritual wellbeing. I intend to educate and teach a child, no matter how much of an effort and money. I plan to achieve this goal by financing for the child’s education at every level and then helping him or her get some scholarship so that he or she can easily complete their education.

My second goal may also sound like a very common and not-so-big thing. Many people will find it a very frequently prevailing trend among the people of my age but they will never understand the amount of effort it takes to attain an ideal body especially when you have been dreaming of it from a long time. I plan to achieve this goal by maintaining a strict and healthy diet plan and maintain a proper exercise routine. In order to maintain a schedule of exercise, I already follow a strict gym routine in the evening, so that I can achieve my goal.

As far as my third goal is concerned, it is related to my education and I plan to get an international scholarship to pursue my higher studies (Schweinle, & Helming, 2011). If not an international scholarship, I would try my best to at least earn a scholarship for Harvard or Yale as these are my dream universities and I intend to pursue my higher studies from one of these universities.

As it has already been established that success is not possible without hard work and motivation, I always try my best to keep my motivation level high. Reading, books, motivational speeches and especially quotes keep me boosted and keep my morale up. Here are some of my favorite quotations related to success and motivation that keep me going.

“What does not kill you, makes you stronger”

“Life is 10% what happens to you and 90% how you react to it.” (Charles R. Swindoll)

“The will to win, the desire to succeed, the urge to reach your full potential... these are the keys that will unlock the door to personal excellence.” (Confucius)

“Either I will find a way, or I will make one.” (Philip Sidney)

One of the other quotations that is on the top of the list of my favorite quotes is

“Dreams don’t work unless you do.”

I like this quote because it is extremely motivating and highlights the importance of hard work that a person’s dream will not become true until unless they work themselves for making them true.

References

Breen, R., & Lindsay, R. (2002). Different disciplines require different motivations for student success. Research in Higher Education, 43(6), 693-725. Retrieved from: https://search.proquest.com/pqrl/docview/763669828/1F74579F1984453EPQ/10?accountid=41759

Schweinle, A., & Helming, L. M. (2011). Success and motivation among college students. Social Psychology of Education, 14(4), 529-546. Retrieved from: https://search.proquest.com/pqrl/docview/910099588/1F74579F1984453EPQ/12?accountid=41759

Heterosexism

Homosexual Characters from Media – Positive Portrayal

American Ultra: in this movie a gay CIA agent named Petey acts as the moral focus of the film showing courage and bravery such as conventional non-LGBT characters.

Unfinished Business: The movie emphasizes to subvert the gay panic as Dan portrays a positive and courageous gay man.

Diary of a Teenage Girl: in this movie, Minnie’s sexual fluidity is representing as part of coming to understanding herself, her needs and what love is for her.

Description

Homosexuality is extremely basic in society. However numerous people still victimize them. Their prejudgments are focused around stereotypes, and absence of data. Because of our social observation, individuals who are not quite the same as them is esteemed to be debilitating. Homosexuality is sentimental and/or sexual fascination or conduct around parts of the same sex or sex, making up around 10% of the populace. Tragically, they keep on being one of the least ensured by the government and victimized by the society. Homosexuality was sorted as a mental issue until 1973. The words "gay" and "lesbian" are utilized to allude to homosexual men and ladies and "bisexual" alludes to those that are pulled in to both men and ladies.

After WWII, many homosexuals were disgracefully let go from the armed administrations and occupations, because of open showcase of homosexuality, and were ostracized from families and groups. In promptly 1953, homosexuality got to be by a vital and sufficient reason fire any elected representative from one's employment.

In the 1970s, in a few urban areas, against- segregation for homosexual laws was set. California had its first candidly gay elected authority; Harvey Milk. The US has a wealthier and more open homosexuality society. As of late, the US has gradually begun acknowledgement for homosexuality. A few TV programs with components of homosexuality such as Will and Grace, Ellen, Queer as Folk, and Six Feet Under and Gray's Anatomy were broadcasted with positive portrayal of homosexual characters.

Works Cited

Ayoub, Phillip M., and Jeremiah Garretson. "Getting the message out: Media context and global changes in attitudes toward homosexuality." Comparative Political Studies 50.8 (2017): 1055-1085.

McLaughlin, Bryan, and Nathian S. Rodriguez. "Identifying with a stereotype: The divergent effects of exposure to homosexual television characters." Journal of homosexuality64.9 (2017): 1196-1213.

Gillig, Traci, and Sheila Murphy. "Fostering support for LGBTQ youth? The effects of a gay adolescent media portrayal on young viewers." International Journal of Communication 10 (2016): 23.

Historical Background



CAROL BACCHI LEGAL FRAMEWORK

NAME OF WRITER

AFFILIATIONS

What is the WPR Framework?

The WPR (What’s the problem represented to be) approach is a user-friendly tool presented by Carol Bacchi, consists of seven interconnected steps of questions and analysis. It can be applied to a wide range of analysis mainly including accounting and finance, law, health sciences, and geography ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"QtsML8FV","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Introducing WPR,\\uc0\\u8221{} 2017)","plainCitation":"(“Introducing WPR,” 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":"EqOjwX5Q/yujjrGBh","uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/jpfyfVgo/items/LNCEDYKX"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/jpfyfVgo/items/LNCEDYKX"],"itemData":{"id":215,"type":"post-weblog","title":"Introducing WPR","container-title":"Carol Bacchi","abstract":"The WPR approach is a user-friendly tool consisting of seven interrelated forms of questioning and analysis (Bacchi WPR CHART). It can be applied in a wide array of fields beyond policy analysis, i…","URL":"https://carolbacchi.com/about/","language":"en","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",11,1]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,7]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Introducing WPR,” 2017). The WPR claims that policies contain inherited approaches that meaningfully address the problems. The Framework aims to treat such problems with an approach of critical scrutiny. The WPR can be used extensively in a comparative analysis as well. As the study of problematizations can be defined as the can reveal that certain factors can combine to lead to a problem in one condition while it may not be a problem in other conditions. It is also not necessary to address all the questions, different studies may require a specific number of questions to answer and not all of them. The question that why this framework was created can be answered from the element that there are a lot of problems that are resistant to change despite the efforts of formulating extra policies. The reason for that is the way we represent many problems in our policies. The understanding of the problem is as necessary as its solution. To create a change the understanding of problems and their representation in policies needs changing.

Problem Representation in Policy

Through these questions, there can be certainly more than one policy representation in a document. That said it is still likely to claim a general direction within the specified policy letting more relative suggestions to be made. Every problem is the solution of a specific problem, the representation of a problem in policy is done in a specific way and that specific way of representation may help some while may prove to be a disadvantage to other. The principles of ethics, law, finance and social issues are at stake while using WPR approach. This approach fits it in a grave pattern because of its questioning method of the effects of the problem. These questions approach is different from manual problem-solving approaches because of its examining power to look into the effects of the policy. The principle at stake is that rather than assessing policies based on their ability to solve problems, the way it constructs problems needs to be studied and also these principles are central to the practices of government as well ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"VyZjC97v","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bletsas and Beasley, 2012)","plainCitation":"(Bletsas and Beasley, 2012)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":75,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KfR9yuY2/items/U58EQSUD"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KfR9yuY2/items/U58EQSUD"],"itemData":{"id":75,"type":"book","title":"Engaging with Carol Bacchi: Strategic interventions and exchanges","publisher":"University of Adelaide Press","ISBN":"0-9871718-5-2","author":[{"family":"Bletsas","given":"Angelique"},{"family":"Beasley","given":"Chris"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2012"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bletsas and Beasley, 2012). One of the other issue drivers behind WPR is the reliance on health policies on political science models for assistance in difficult path and policy development. The assumption used in the medical paradigm is generally positivism that individual scholars can reach objectives of the evidence about the real world that are distinct ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"6M2KcRY7","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Bacchi, 2016)","plainCitation":"(Bacchi, 2016)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":76,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KfR9yuY2/items/MLN5XAJ9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KfR9yuY2/items/MLN5XAJ9"],"itemData":{"id":76,"type":"article-journal","title":"Problematizations in health policy: questioning how “problems” are constituted in policies","container-title":"SAGE Open","page":"2158244016653986","volume":"6","issue":"2","author":[{"family":"Bacchi","given":"Carol"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Bacchi, 2016). One thing that is a concern that facts and values are held in a similar category in previous models. WPR model is based on the generalized form of information that can be collected for aby specific topic.

Different media houses see things differently. Like the word democracy, might means something different to one news channel or publication it can mean an entirely different thing to others. The response in the general academic culture is positive about this analytical approach but no specific media coverage has been given to this. Like Bletsas and Beasley many scholars have discussed and written about the improvement in analytical methods by using this framework. Its implications in the research field of health, education, social science have been highlighted by many people. However, its impact could have been much bigger if mainstream media had shown interest in it. As the power of media dependence tend to highlight those areas where there is a lack of information about an issue ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Yjs54XE6","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Happer and Philo, 2013)","plainCitation":"(Happer and Philo, 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":77,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KfR9yuY2/items/7EYS2NBP"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/KfR9yuY2/items/7EYS2NBP"],"itemData":{"id":77,"type":"article-journal","title":"The Role of the Media in the Construction of Public Belief and Social Change","container-title":"Journal of Social and Political Psychology","page":"321-336-336","volume":"1","issue":"1","source":"jspp.psychopen.eu","abstract":"The media play a central role in informing the public about what happens in the world, particularly in those areas in which audiences do not possess direct knowledge or experience. This article examines the impact the media has in the construction of public belief and attitudes and its relationship to social change. Drawing on findings from a range of empirical studies, we look at the impact of media coverage in areas such as disability, climate change and economic development. Findings across these areas show the way in which the media shape public debate in terms of setting agendas and focusing public interest on particular subjects. For example, in our work on disability we showed the relationship between negative media coverage of people on disability benefit and a hardening of attitudes towards them. Further, we found that the media also severely limit the information with which audiences understand these issues and that alternative solutions to political problems are effectively removed from public debate. We found other evidence of the way in which media coverage can operate to limit understanding of possibilities of social change. In our study of news reporting of climate change, we traced the way that the media have constructed uncertainty around the issue and how this has led to disengagement in relation to possible changes in personal behaviours. Finally, we discuss the implications for communications and policy and how both the traditional and new media might help in the development of better informed public debate.","DOI":"10.5964/jspp.v1i1.96","ISSN":"2195-3325","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Happer","given":"Catherine"},{"family":"Philo","given":"Greg"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",12,16]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Happer and Philo, 2013).

Reference List

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Bacchi, C., 2016. Problematizations in health policy: questioning how “problems” are constituted in policies. SAGE Open 6, 2158244016653986.

Bletsas, A., Beasley, C., 2012. Engaging with Carol Bacchi: Strategic interventions and exchanges. University of Adelaide Press.

Happer, C., Philo, G., 2013. The Role of the Media in the Construction of Public Belief and Social Change. Journal of Social and Political Psychology 1, 321-336–336. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v1i1.96

Introducing WPR, 2017. . Carol Bacchi. URL https://carolbacchi.com/about/ (accessed 10.7.19).

Historical Inquiry

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

[Subject]

[Date]

Historical Inquiry

The relationship between the United States of America(U.S.A) with Asian states is crucial. It affects not only the Asian states but the whole global economic and political model. In recent years, the most critical event that took place was the trade war between America and China. The consequences of the trade war are not only restricted to China. Instead, several Asian nations are likely to receive the impact of the trade war between both states. It is important to discuss the nature, causes and consequences of this issue for the Asian Americans relations.

To begin, the phenomenon of the trade war took place after 2016. The United States initiated an investigation into the trade policies followed by China. As the United States is the largest exporter market place for Chinese goods, the relationship between both states became critical. The United States imposed a tariff on the Chinese good and the current stats show that the amount of tariff imposed on goods is in excess of $250bn ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"MqXqmip2","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Serdyukov)","plainCitation":"(Serdyukov)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":76,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/h6KbaPMu/items/WCK4KTID"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/h6KbaPMu/items/WCK4KTID"],"itemData":{"id":76,"type":"article-journal","title":"Innovation in education: what works, what doesn’t, and what to do about it?","container-title":"Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning","page":"4-33","volume":"10","issue":"1","source":"emeraldinsight.com (Atypon)","DOI":"10.1108/JRIT-10-2016-0007","ISSN":"2397-7604","shortTitle":"Innovation in education","journalAbbreviation":"Jrnl of Rsrch Inno Teach & Lrn","author":[{"family":"Serdyukov","given":"Peter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",3,27]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Serdyukov). China also retaliated and imposed tariffs to engage in a trade with America. It is essential to assess the impact of the ongoing trade war on the relationship between America and Asian states. The international organizations have warned several times that the trade war can cause a global economic crisis. Moreover, the role of China is significant in Asia.

For several Asian countries, China is their only biggest trading spot. Some Asian states have good relations with America as well. Therefore, the trade war between both states affect the other Asian states. The Asian states desire to have good relations with both states. It becomes very difficult for the Asian states to pick a side and have to maintain key trade and foreign relations. Japan plays a dominant role in these circumstances. It is a strong ally of America. Most of the Asian states have proceeded to strengthen their relations with America. While many Asian states agree with the trade concerns of America with China, they are not in support of the vigorous trade restrictions imposed by both states. The issue has a critical impact on the diplomatic and political relations between the Asian American states.

The Southeast Asian states may benefit from the trade differences between America and China. The Asian states with low-income are looking to dominate the sectors which were cheap and influenced by China. For instance, Vietnam is durable in food processing, Cambodia is strong in footwear and Bangladesh is strong in the clothing sector ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"S5a8BCM1","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}The Prospects of a Resolution of the U.S.-China Trade War | Asia Society})","plainCitation":"(The Prospects of a Resolution of the U.S.-China Trade War | Asia Society)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":121,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/h6KbaPMu/items/F2DCMU7N"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/h6KbaPMu/items/F2DCMU7N"],"itemData":{"id":121,"type":"webpage","title":"The Prospects of a Resolution of the U.S.-China Trade War | Asia Society","URL":"https://asiasociety.org/policy-institute/prospects-resolution-us-china-trade-war","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",3,3]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (The Prospects of a Resolution of the U.S.-China Trade War | Asia Society). The most critical matter is that the outcome of charging higher tariffs by America and China on imports can prove productive for the domestic companies in these states. These companies will get the opportunity to replace expensive imports. They will be forced to utilize domestic production or substitute them from other countries. It proves that the trade war will affect not only America and China but the whole region of Asia. However, it is not sure whether things will process smoothly as discussed. Harmful consequences can also occur.

It is important to analyze the impact of the trade war on China and Asian countries for the trade in the Asian region. The domestic products of China will play a key role. Chinese policies to meet the new domestic demands of goods are likely to reduce the damage of the trade war. Primarily, the influence of the trade war between America and China will be negative for the whole region in the coming years. These are the economic dimensions of the issue. They can be both negative and positive as per economic experts. At the end of the day, it may not prove effective. It will shift the nature of the trade relations between China and America which will further create disturbance in the whole Asian region.

In addition, political interests and relations are also necessary to be discussed. The trade war is likely to create a shift in the foreign policies of America Asian region. China is continuing with global economic ventures. On the other hand, the United States is also advancing to restrict China. It has caused both states two to have conflicting foreign policies and relationship with several states. In Asia, India, Bangladesh, Indonesia and Vietnam can have an increase in the potential orders from America dor the low-end goods as toys, textile and shoes ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"pmP1Zed7","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Cal\\uc0\\u236{})","plainCitation":"(Calì)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":125,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/h6KbaPMu/items/9JXG2N87"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/h6KbaPMu/items/9JXG2N87"],"itemData":{"id":125,"type":"post-weblog","title":"The impact of the US-China trade war on East Asia","container-title":"VoxEU.org","abstract":"The US-China trade war has rapidly escalated, promising to disrupt trade flows between the two countries and beyond. This column provides the first estimates of trade and investment effects of the trade war on East Asia, one of the most exposed regions. By combining trade and tariff data, it provides some order of magnitude of the expected effects and identifies the possible winners and losers from the trade war in the region.","URL":"https://voxeu.org/article/impact-us-china-trade-war-east-asia","author":[{"family":"Calì","given":"Massimiliano"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",10,16]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",3,3]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Calì). The higher value items as machinery and electronic equipment can be sourced from South Korea. The trade war is emerging to disturb the balance of relationships between the Asian American region. Furthermore, the allies of China and America will also play their role and things can get more complicated. The global supply linkages can have an enormous impact on the bilateral relations between America and China.

The fundamental objective of America is to allow China to become a free market economy. The economies of both states are very deeply interlinked with each other and must have smooth relations. The higher tariff on America's imports of goods from other countries and China will result in increased prices for American consumers. For instance, citizens will also suffer. Inflation and interest rates can significantly rise. The environment of the relationship between America and Asian countries will not remain definite. Many Asian states will see it as an opportunity to align themselves with America. It will be beneficial for them. However, the imposition of high tariffs on Chinese goods can harmfully affect the domestic markets and the citizens of America. For the best interest of all the stakeholders involved in the trade war, it is crucial to ending it and has smooth trade and foreign relations.

To conclude, America assumes a significant role in the Asian region as discussed above. If America advances to negotiate an innovative trade deal, it may reduce the negative impacts of the trade war. The multinational companies are beginning to reduce their dependence on China to meet their domestic needs. Under these circumstances, the biggest winner of the trade war is either China nor America. Rather, the Southeast Asian region will be the winner. Multinational companies will reach Southeast Asia to find an alternative. The consequences of the trade war between America and China will be harmful to both states. The relationship of America can strengthen with other Asian states but it can also be complicated. The Asian-American relationship has been very important for decades. The major aspect is the impact on the economy, citizens and the political environment. If the trade war continues escalating, the relationship of America with the Asian region will change entirely. The biggest impact will be received by Asian communities other than China. Therefore, it is necessary for both states to end the trade war. The trade war is a sever issue with several consequences which are good and bad under certain circumstances. The geopolitical importance of this issue makes it very serious. The distribution networks of the Asia-American states will become more complex. The trade war has made several states worried about the future of the relationship between America and the Asian region. The bottom line is that the trade war will create an imbalance in the geopolitical framework of Asian-American relations.

Work Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Calì, Massimiliano. “The Impact of the US-China Trade War on East Asia.” VoxEU.Org, 16 Oct. 2018, https://voxeu.org/article/impact-us-china-trade-war-east-asia.

Serdyukov, Peter. “Innovation in Education: What Works, What Doesn’t, and What to Do about It?” Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, vol. 10, no. 1, Mar. 2017, pp. 4–33. emeraldinsight.com (Atypon), doi:10.1108/JRIT-10-2016-0007.

The Prospects of a Resolution of the U.S.-China Trade War | Asia Society. https://asiasociety.org/policy-institute/prospects-resolution-us-china-trade-war. Accessed 3 Mar. 2019.

Homework

Home Work

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Home Work

9.1

Diversity at the workplace is the main focus of the contemporary business. Countries with diverse cultures are promoting diversity in the workplace to ensure the equality and growth of the organization. This diversity in the workplace has two dimensions. First and primary dimension includes sexual orientation, gender, and age while the second dimension includes income, religion, race, color, ethics, geographical location, and education. People pass judgments or make perception for other individuals based on these two dimensions. Therefore, in the workplace, this diversity plays a crucial role. In the past, it is observed that diversity became the reason for the negative or hateful environment. However, with development and education, acceptance of diversity at the workplace is increasing. In fact, organizations use diverse cultures to increase popularity as well as the productivity of the organizations.

Various factors affect diversity in the workplace in which economic conditions are most prominent. For instance, diversity in the workplace becomes the reason for high economic growth. This is because people from different demographic location and education level come together with their unique work style and creativity. Multiple mindsets and its positive use result in making perfect strategies for organization growth which ultimately increase economic growth. Therefore, the organization promotes more diversity in the workplace due to economic conditions and also for enabling the organization to compete in the global market ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"L20As7Nx","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kerby & Burns, 2012)","plainCitation":"(Kerby & Burns, 2012)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":852,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/EFAKLIRC"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/EFAKLIRC"],"itemData":{"id":852,"type":"webpage","title":"The Top 10 Economic Facts of Diversity in the Workplace","container-title":"Center for American Progress","abstract":"Sophia Kerby and Crosby Burns explain why a diverse workforce is necessary to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse marketplace.","URL":"https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/news/2012/07/12/11900/the-top-10-economic-facts-of-diversity-in-the-workplace/","language":"en-US","author":[{"family":"Kerby","given":"Sophia"},{"family":"Burns","given":"Crosby"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2012",7,12]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,24]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kerby & Burns, 2012).

Political and legal issues also affect diversity in the workplace. For instance, political parties often use religion or race as power cards and promote one specific community which results in the dominance of that community at the workplace. Research indicates that the organizations prefer to give high positions to white people than people from other race or religion. However, legal issues ensure equal opportunities for all citizens which increase the diversity at the workplace. Employers cannot discriminate and ignore minorities for their workforce.

9.2

America is the country with one of the most diverse workforce. People from a different race, religion, color, and ethnicity come from all around the world to get the education and better job opportunities. In the past, issues like racism, inequality and hate crime affect the economy of the nation but the government is now ensuring the equal distribution of wealth, education, job, and other rights to the people. From the 1960s, political bodies are promoting workplace diversity in America. Therefore, political and legal issues are the main factors that impact diversity at the workplace in the nation.

In 1961, President John F. Kennedy announced a committee to cope with issues like discrimination and avoiding minorities in economic activities. Since then, all political parties who came in power, work for the equality of people. This is important to increase the productivity of the economy. Nixon administration, for instance, reviewed the policy of former president to continue the work for diversity in the workforce during 1971. With time, different policies and laws were made to avoid discrimination on the basis of gender, race, and religion. In contemporary times, an individual from a minority community can file a case if he experiences any sort of inequality or harassment by the high authority of the organization ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"IgwaRs9W","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}13 benefits and challenges of cultural diversity in the workplace Hult Blog,\\uc0\\u8221{} 2019)","plainCitation":"(“13 benefits and challenges of cultural diversity in the workplace Hult Blog,” 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":850,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/EENM45DJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/EENM45DJ"],"itemData":{"id":850,"type":"post-weblog","title":"13 benefits and challenges of cultural diversity in the workplace Hult Blog","container-title":"Hult Blog","abstract":"Embracing cultural diversity in the workplace is important for internationally competitive businesses. Read about what we found to be the biggest benefits and most pressing issues.","URL":"https://www.hult.edu/blog/blog/benefits-challenges-cultural-diversity-workplace/","language":"en-US","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",1,17]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,24]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“13 benefits and challenges of cultural diversity in the workplace Hult Blog,” 2019).

Legal condition is promoting and protecting the diversity at the workplace while political parties are trying to add people from diverse backgrounds in political activities. This is why people are now more open-minded and accepting people from other races, religions, and genders. Women's rights are resulting in more opportunities for women in professional life ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"jl2PbzWE","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Dike, n.d.)","plainCitation":"(Dike, n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":855,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/79NEPS74"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/79NEPS74"],"itemData":{"id":855,"type":"article-journal","title":"The impact of workplace diversity on organisations","page":"59","source":"Zotero","abstract":"The subject matter of this paper is workplace diversity. The study is conducted to explore how companies manage workforce diversity and its consequences to the company’s existence as well as examine how companies’ deal with challenges that comes with employees from diverse cultural backgrounds. The research therefore answers the question `Has workplace diversity contributed to organizational success`. Because diversity covers a wide range of human attributes and qualities, The research is limited to the required tools for managing workplace diversity, advantages and disadvantages of managing a diverse workforce. Five companies in Finland and Ghana have been studied in order to acquire answers to the question that is being focused on.","language":"en","author":[{"family":"Dike","given":"Priscilla"}]}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Dike, n.d.).

America is one of the nations where people come to settle and build their future life. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the government to produce a positive political condition so that all citizens or immigrants can avail equal opportunities for a better future.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY 13 benefits and challenges of cultural diversity in the workplace Hult Blog. (2019, January 17). Retrieved October 24, 2019, from Hult Blog website: https://www.hult.edu/blog/blog/benefits-challenges-cultural-diversity-workplace/

Dike, P. (n.d.). The impact of workplace diversity on organisations. 59.

Kerby, S., & Burns, C. (2012, July 12). The Top 10 Economic Facts of Diversity in the Workplace. Retrieved October 24, 2019, from Center for American Progress website: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/news/2012/07/12/11900/the-top-10-economic-facts-of-diversity-in-the-workplace/

Homework

Homework

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Homework

Introduction

In the article “Body Ritual Among the Nacirema” written by Horace Miner the main discussion is focused on how tribes function and the odd behaviors that they show. In the article Miner constantly emphasizes on how the people who are part of a tribe do strange rituals daily (Launer, 2018). When he talks about these tribes he is referring to Americans collectively. The reason why Miner chose to write in this particular manner is to prove his point that Americans indeed are ethnocentric. Most Americans look at other cultures in the light of their values and beliefs. Through this discussion ethnocentrism and the impact of culture will be pondered upon thoroughly.

Discussion

One of the most distinctive features of Miner's article is the way that he disguised the Nacirema as Americans. The way he hides things is quite interesting as he refers to the bathrooms as cleaning shrines. He keeps on the theme of camouflage by referring to the medicine chest as the main device which includes things like a magical potion and hog hair on a stick (basically a toothbrush). Miner's main goal behind writing this article was not to show how extreme human behavior can be, but to demonstrate how an outsider's opinion of a nation can have an impact on how a person might think of the alien culture. If a person who does not know the authentic Nacirema culture reads Miner’s article they will probably think that the people of this nation and their beliefs and values are quite bizarre.

Miner gave an in-depth forecast of the culture by talking about their rituals and beliefs and through this article he tried to project that the studies that have represented many cultures are quite narrow-minded. Lack of proper and appropriate comprehension of the foundation of any society can lead to the rise of major cultural misinterpretations (DeVita, 2015). Many anthropological approaches are included by Miner in this article; holism, symbols, behavior, culture, and material culture. The way he has described this unexplored culture is quite synchronized and projects the Nacirema mindset very well.

The psychology that is followed by the people of Nacirema is discontented. They believe the fact that the body is ugly and procedures need to be done to make it perfect. They have the concept that only the “medicine man” can beautify their appearance by poking needles in them. Nacirema believe that being in pain and unhappy is necessary that is why they let “holy-moth-men” make them go through torturous processes and the “herbalists” to give them charms and potions that will make their health better (DeVita, 2015). In short, general dissatisfaction with the body is an aspect of their daily routine.

Miner sheds light on the Nacirema culture in a manner that it does not have obvious similarities with the American culture. The way he describes the location of Nacirema, one cannot tell if it is America that Miner is talking about. As mentioned above the intricate words that he has used to describe the dentist and a doctor deviates the reader very well. The author is trying to prove a point, Miner wants Americans to read the article thinking it is not about them thus forming a low opinion about the Nacirema culture. After finding out that it was a disguised interpretation of the American culture, they will realize how they were judging themselves (Launer, 2018). Hence, Miner will be proving the fact that Americans are, in fact, ethnocentric.

Conclusion

In the article, Miner plays the role of an outsider and forms a judgment on Nacirema like we critic other cultures. Miner wants the readers to realize that when an anthropologist describes another culture, we can think that it is out of the ordinary, however, it is very normal. Even viewing our own culture as a stranger, there will be things that might seem extreme and out of the ordinary. Hence, there are certain values and beliefs that people all around the world follow that may seem odd. However, reflecting on those beliefs and behaviors without having an in-depth knowledge of their culture can end up in misinterpretation of the core values that those cultures might have.

References

Launer, J. (2018). The peculiar health beliefs of the Nacirema. Postgraduate medical journal, 94(1113), 423-424.

DeVita, P. R. (2015). Distant mirrors: America as a foreign culture. Waveland Press.

Human Mind

Ashtani Brown

Instructor Name

Course Number

26 October 2019

Culture, Psychology, and Mind

The term "Culture" is usually and expansively used to define human thoughts and behaviors that are not or cannot be attributed to genetics. It is also used to define how humans conceptualize their societies. Some portrayals of cultural differences have endorsed them mainly to cognitive characteristics. In addition to describing the situation from a cognitive point-of-view, the existing data shows that all or most human functions are present to define different cultures. For the human mind that is alien to other cultures, the dissimilarities are usually clearly and directly recognizable in several areas such as dressing, languages, etc. and the differences also become clear in such inconstant characteristics such as gender attitudes. The studies conducted to clarify the relation between culture and psychology have been wide-ranging and highly truth revealing as they have usually failed to notice the cultural biases of the discipline of Western psychology CITATION Pit07 \l 3081 (Laungani).

Studies of variances in psychological outcomes in different cultures have shown a large number of psychological occurrences which differ from culture to culture. In short, the Western onlooker cannot, in a large number of examples, be certain that their results would be duplicated in another culture, and thus may not be favorable as the standard for having oversight about human psychology. Nonetheless, the cultural bond between people in a culture is the main focus of the paradox. The different cultures are characterized by long-surviving standards and several hostilities of general human behavior, where the behavioral bond can be made and broken within short intervals of time.

Consider the sudden and rather explosive growth of social media on the World Wide Web and the rapid changes and rejections regarding our fashions, in modern history. At these contemporary times, we have a minute but tangible evidence of the reasons for numerous cultural diversities. Our closest neighbor in the animal kingdom, the chimpanzees, have evolved some basic cultural characteristics, usually in the area of foraging for food and preparing it, but beyond that, they still leave open the basis of the multitude of human cultural characteristics CITATION MWe18 \l 3081 (Wesch).

The culture into which we are born is not as permanent and fixated as we suppose it to be. We can experience a lot of visible and invisible changes that may adjust to the main patterns that may occur in variable degrees throughout our lifetime, and it will be problematic, hard and challenging to give a consistent explanation of these transformations. At the end of this progression is a steady and rational explanation that, for some people, their cultural features can change from one cultural description and meaning to a significantly different and often diverse one.

In short, we may want our peers that ‘Why’ and ‘How’ our cultures have developed and changed. There are clear, noticeable and debatable conditions of our world that determine these sudden or evolutionary cultural characteristics. Some of them are climate change, natural topography, proximity to a more powerful culture and natural resources. But these influences do not account for all cultural differences, and in particular, for the essential and evitable differences, that may occur regarding language. And each of these issues and complications requires a detailed set of plans that create these changes CITATION Wal98 \l 3081 (Goldschmidt). Currently, there are few studies in these directions. But still, we are far from getting close to the explanation of proposed culture-free human psychology, if that is possible at all.

Works Cited

BIBLIOGRAPHY Goldschmidt, Walter. Understanding Human Society. 1998.

Laungani, Pittu D. Understanding Cross-Cultural Psychology: Eastern and Western Perspectives. SAGE Publications Ltd, 2007.

Wesch, M. The Art of Being Human: A Textbook for Cultural Anthropology. 2018.

Identify Different



Identify Different

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Identify Different

Main Post

Cultural intelligence plays a vital role in the workplace. It allows individuals to interact with people of different cultures. It is based on aspects of an interaction that are specifically related to culture. Some researchers and scholars believe that cultural intelligence may require emotional understanding as well as social understanding to interact with people of different cultures (Crowne, 2013). Interacting with other cultures allow organizations to compete in a market and understand the different needs of people according to their culture. Cultural intelligence also plays an important role in personal and professional development. It allows us to communicate with people of different cultures and understand their feelings.

Cultural intelligence incorporates the capability of an individual to adjust and effectively adapt to diverse cultural situations (Crowne, 2013). It allows not only individuals but also organizations to improve the sharing of cultural knowledge. Cultural intelligence develops both personal and professional growth. It helps to bring innovation in the business and brought productivity in the business. As I am from computer networks cultural intelligence is very important because it allows building diverse networks to solve messy problems. Cultural intelligence allows organizations to continuously improve and develop themselves with time and help organizations to achieve their goals.

Follow up (1)

There are certain ways organizations can improve cultural intelligence in the workplace. It is important that every organization give priority to their employees. Communication skills are very important to improve cultural intelligence because it allows understanding different cultures. The way employees communicate creates a lot of impact on the development of an organization.

Follow up (2)

Cultural intelligence gives a strong foundation for business. It allows business leaders to think the best way to tackle challenges in the workplace. Cultural intelligence allows organizations to understand the requirements of the people who are different from you. It allows to enhance the organizations and help organizations to solve problems of cultural differences.

References

Crowne, K. A. (2013). An empirical analysis of three intelligences. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 45(2), 105-114. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1349662593?accountid=41759

Identity And Belonging

Australian in the 21st century

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of the Institution]

Australian in the 21st century

Introduction

Australia is considered to be the nation in transition. In the last two decades the population of Australia has been increased by more than half. This increase of population is due to largest growth of immigrant in Australia Australians describes themselves with a multitude of separate identities which may be religious, ethnic, cultural, ideological, class-oriented or gendered. Australians are living in a country which has become multicultural than ever in the 21st century and used to speak more than a hundred languages and come from more than two hundred countries. Australia has undergone several changes in recent decades due to its arrangements of policies related to economic immigration and government of Australia managed all these transitions successfully. This report discusses the meaning of to be Australian in the 21st century and also explains the transformation of Australian nationality and experience of belonging to the nation-state over time.

Description

Australians in the 21st century means naturally competitive people. The spirit of the 21st-century global economy makes the Australian curious about the world and their increasing progress in this century proves that they have become confident in their creativity, effort, and passion. It has been believed that Immigration in Australia of people from different culture and nation add its own dynamism to its economy. Moreover, Australians have become key drivers of prosperity through free markets, technology and trade. In the 21st century, Australians have become the nation of the country which has a strong relationship with the other developed countries like America and China (Cogan, & Derricott, 2014, p.27). They have become most successful in keeping and attracting the talent as there are thousands of intelligent graduates from several universities all around the globe. In this century Australians are seeking a much better life for themselves and their families.

Australia is considered to have most refugee programs and welcoming immigration system as a result of which cultural diversity has been increasing. Australians have the complex, plural, and fluid society with a majority of the population accepting the cultural diversity positively (Meierhenrich, 2014, p.50). They started breathing and living cultural diversity which helps them to actively engage with activities and good from several different cultures. Australian identity has been changing over time which is due to the relation of Australia with other countries and nations. In the past, the Australian identity was the reflection of Britain, but now it has been totally changed. Australian values have a long history belonging to British colony which created the narrow-minded elitism in the Australian society but Australians have left behind those colonial beginnings and now become a proud nation (Robertson, 2014, p. 1930).

The Australian national identity has an interest in its development which mostly turns towards its Asian neighbors. Australia's discourses on culture and race have formed the basis of the building of the nation and Australian identity of the nation have been forged on the process of racism and exclusion towards ethnic and indigenous minorities (Walsh, et, al., 2018, n.p). In the past, the policies of multiculturalism were used for cultural differences, but in the 21st century, new liberal forms of cultural diversity have emerged which separate out the issue of equality and social justice from cultural differences. The Australians today believe in a fair shake for all and no woman or man is above any other (Robertson, & Runganaikaloo, 2014, p. 220). The immigrant has now established the social networks and economic viability which are contributing to the development of the Australian society. Increased number of skilled immigrants in Australia resulted in structural transition in the economy of Australia positive effects in relation to outcomes of the labor market, immigrant's employment, productivity, and fiscal impact. Now Australians have become dependent on each other's situation for finding the source of income and living and for developing or finding a sufficient means of communication with residents. They have started to build a satisfactory social and personal in their new environment.

Since the start of the 21st century the effect of immigration on Australia continues to be the matter of political controversy and public concern, but the economic impact of immigration in areas such as employment, productivity, and growth has been positive. It has been observed that before 21st century the average income of a worker was around nineteen thousand dollars per year, but now it has been increased to seventy-three thousand dollars, and the workforce of Australia has been transformed to industrial to professional today as now scientific, IT, technical and financial sectors make up the biggest employers (Isin, & Nyers, 2014, p.40). Now Australians are getting less married, and the proportion of unmarried people have been increased. The old recognition of Australia is getting fainter, and now Australia has been recognized as technology exporter, cultural hub, fashion destination, and a business nation.

In this century Australians have gone through several changes which turned them into a developed nation, but in all these progress they have focused on every culture except their own. Australians have now become confused about what multiculturalism is, but still, they are proud about what they have built. They are living together in peace and freedom and have strong institutions and clear values. One can say that Australia is on its way for becoming the most diverse nation of the world. People are now moving towards Australia due to several new opportunities which were never seen in the past (Rogers & Wiesel, 2018, n.p). They consider Australia has become a lucky country, but without effort, such good fortune is an illusion. The energy and creativity Australia has gained in the 21st century from the immigrants are considered to be the Australian’s best natural resources which are creating greater values for all Australians.

Conclusion

It is concluded that the spirit of the Australian nation is alive and growing since the start of the 21st century. They are meeting the diversity and challenges of changing time and strongly hold their identity and values with the increasing number of immigrants. Still, there is a need to address the key challenges relating to policies of economic immigration in Australia.

References

Cogan, J. and Derricott, R., 2014. Citizenship for the 21st century: An international perspective on education. Routledge.

Isin, E.F. and Nyers, P. eds., 2014. Routledge handbook of global citizenship studies. Routledge.

Meierhenrich, J., 2014. Introduction: the study and history of genocide (pp. 3-55). Oxford University Press USA.

Robertson, S. and Runganaikaloo, A., 2014. Lives in limbo: Migration experiences in Australia’s education–migration nexus. Ethnicities, 14(2), pp.208-226.

Robertson, S., 2014. Time and temporary migration: The case of temporary graduate workers and working holiday makers in Australia. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 40(12), pp.1915-1933.

Rogers, D. and Wiesel, I. (2018). China is changing our cities — but it's not as simple as an 'invasion' or a 'takeover. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-05/chinas-changing-australian-cities-but-its-not-that-simple/10464934

Walsh, M., Mantesso, S., Xiao, B. and O'Connor, B. (2018). Australia's population hit 25 million, newest resident likely to be young, female and Chinese. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-07/australia-population-hits-25-million/10077100.

Wellings, B., 2014. Lest you forget: Memory and Australian nationalism in a global era. Nation, memory and great war commemoration: Mobilizing the past in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, pp.45-59.

Immigration In America

Immigration in America

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]

Immigration in America

It was the 1800s when China was falling in terms of economy and being limited by technology and geography China was isolated by the rest of the world. The level at which the economy of China was; it was falling and economic prosperity was not appreciative. In the early 1800s, trade with the European countries was less, it was also cut off from the world in terms of trade. There was only one port through which Europeans were supposed to trade. But again there were specifically designated agents, co-hongs who were the only source with whom Europeans could trade. In Europe, few items from China were on high demand, silk, and porcelain but the tea was the one which was traded the most and it increased by 30 times from 1720 to 1830. On the other side, the British East India company was too desperately waiting to disturb the economy of China. The East India Company created a trade imbalance by finding a commodity through introduction of opium. This did not only disturb the economy but also the society because this was unacceptable.

Two main factors needed some focus, the first one was the monopoly of their agents in the market and the second was the Chinese superiority and barbarians. The monopoly of co-hongs was increasing in the Chinese market, most of the Europeans traded the system of mercantilism, in which there is a greater number of exports than imports of a country. After the 1830s, the British started leading and they were encouraging Laissez Faire, a free trade system. This encouraged the production of expensive goods and enhanced a competitive market. British were the ones who had a lead in the Industrial Revolution. The government of China had to make strong trade policies and they had to develop a strong control system over trading systems.

Chinese attitude and behavior were different and they had a different status. They considered themselves as their superiors, or the "Middle Kingdom", for the rest of the people were inferiors and they called them "Barbarians". British, being a democratic nation refused the behavior of Chinese because they did not acknowledge the gifts being sent to them and they mostly considered them as tributes in the courts. The tensions increased to a peak when China burned the 20,000 chests of The British East India Company. British imposed full import taxes which was traded in British pound. This incident initiated the First Opium War (1839-42) between China and Britain. China was defeated because the British were fully equipped with advanced weapons. This loss resulted in the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842. This allowed the British to increase their trade with China and import as much as they could. This treaty allowed citizens of Britain to live according to their own rules and allowed other countries to trade with them. Britain’s got access to five, main ports in China. Population was increasing too much and China had no such control over increasing issues in their economy and society. The government was unable to facilitate its citizens when they got affected by natural disasters like floods. There were too many things going in China during the 1800s.

The economy was not stable and people were unemployed, they were not able to meet their needs. It was the gold rush in North America that attracted the Chinese to migrate to America. In the beginning, they worked as cheap labors, they worked for other miners but they, later on, started their own businesses. Businesses like laundries restaurants and other services. They migrated to America to earn as much as they can and send money back to their family members. During their migration period, they faced racial discrimination, harassed and they had to go through psychological abuse. The main reason for Chinese immigration would be the unstable economy after the Opium War in which China was defeated. They started migrating to the United States of America in search of a bright future because their economy was better and stable as compared to china then.

America has been an example of a place with the most diversity of people coming from other continents of the world. America has been affected because of many immigrations. In the 1820s there was a huge change in the demography of the United States. 70 million immigrants were recorded during the 1820s. Each new wave of immigrants had an impact on the US. There was a layer of fear and hostility during 1751, and in 1844, two Catholic churches were burned and later by 1840s and 1850s, priests and Catholic churches were attacked by Protestants. Immigration was later on restricted by introducing The Chinese Act of 1882. This was the initiative to keep American society close. Chinese were restricted from migration because of some major issues. A legislation was passed to control the future immigration of Chinese workers coming to the United States. This legislation also threatened the diplomatic relations between China and the United States. In China, merchants faced humiliation by people who organized anti-American boycotts in 1905, though this protest was not sanctioned by the Chinese government. It ended after five months. America was on stake because it also introduced The Chinese Act to restrict Chinese immigration.

Later in 1924, the national quota system was introduced by the United States (Code, 2013). Immigrants on the other hand and were sources of a developed society. They introduce new music, creativity in arts, writings. The darker side of immigration was that the Chinese were discriminated against, they were murdered and several were injured as a result of protests held against anti-Chinese laws. Chinese living in the United States have been deprived based on their race, ethnicity, and background. In the 1800s, all bodies of government badly treated Chinese immigrants, not only the public but the natives treated them in an unpleasant way (McClain, 1994).

“Immigration is good when tackled properly. Diversity is good for the economies and development of the nations”.

Chinese workers were assaulted, their immigration to the United States encouraged the natives towards racism and discrimination. A mindset of racists was developed and the natives also adopted xenophobic attitudes for the Chinese workers and immigrants. The attitude of being prejudice towards Chinese immigrants is called Yellow Peril. America is known as a hub for diversity but specific attitudes towards low-class workers coming from China are something unacceptable. These mindsets can be called as colonial mindsets. The Second World War changed the image and perspectives of China. For the United Nations, China became an ally and this success made the United States change immigration laws incorporated and implemented to Chinese people ( ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"RLQEwykf","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}(PDF) The Impact of the Chinese Diaspora in the U.S. on the American View of China,\\uc0\\u8221{} n.d.)","plainCitation":"(“(PDF) The Impact of the Chinese Diaspora in the U.S. on the American View of China,” n.d.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":65,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/FC4FZQAB"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/F0XOCTdk/items/FC4FZQAB"],"itemData":{"id":65,"type":"webpage","title":"(PDF) The Impact of the Chinese Diaspora in the U.S. on the American View of China","URL":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331386562_The_Impact_of_the_Chinese_Diaspora_in_the_US_on_the_American_View_of_China","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,5]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} Misiuna,2018).

The United States is has been a place where you would find people and you would find American society as a diversified country. It was the middle of the 50s when the largest number migrated to the United States. Most of the immigrants came to the United States from Latin America and Asia. Still, people are migrating to the United States. Many immigrants find America a place where they would find earning sources, advanced technology, peace, business and employment opportunities. People migrating to the United States find ways to move there, whether they are legal or illegal. Illegal immigration has also had an impact on the development of society. Impacts may be in terms of new skill development, rich cultures, availability of cheap labor and introduction of new trends and material goods. Immigration has improved economic growth and it has enhanced labor market competition. Productivity has been increased. America is now open towards the migration of people. Immigration has helped economic development and it has become a strength. Immigration has helped to develop better foreign policies and it has enhanced diplomatic relations with international countries.

There is a variety of people living in the United States. According to a survey conducted in2017, it was recorded that 44.4 million are foreign-born population. According to the same survey Mexicans were the highest migrants. The second-largest number of immigrants was from China, then India, and the Philippines. By 2055 Asians are assumed to be the largest immigrant groups to migrate to the United States. Immigrant groups are being considered as talented and hardworking people. They strengthen the country with their skills and hard work. People are migrating to the United States because of better education, health, employment, and business opportunities and an open labor market.

In history, Americans have encouraged the limitations of immigrations. The immigration act of 1924, was implemented to prioritize the natives, it was to protect their interests. According to few Americans, immigrants have occupied the market which resulted in a lesser number of job opportunities. Natives live in fear, they think and fear that immigrants take the market jobs, this shapes their behavior towards the immigrants. Stereotyping by white people has been decreased towards blacks because of formal work contracts. In the past, people were assaulted based on their ethnicity, color, race, and background. They had gone through racism and still, people suffer.

After World War, many Americans were admitted to the US military which left shortage of labors in the labor market. Mexicans were employed for agricultural purposes after this Congress passes an act named as Immigration and Nationality Act in 1965. This act encouraged more immigration and the foreign-born population increased from 9.6 to 40 million.

Taking example of recent developments in the presidency of Trump we can say that the illegal immigrations and making strict border policies can discourage rapid immigration to the United States. 60 percent of the population who voted to Trump agreed that those immigrants should be allowed to stay in the United States who can meet the requirements and then they can be allowed to live legally. Culture threats also stop Native Americans from supporting and encouraging the immigration of people. The cultural threat is considered as the strongest explanation which favors enforcement in immigration.

Immigration is affecting the United States economy. Immigrants can benefit the industrial sectors with their advanced degrees, they contribute towards scientific and studies and job-related developments. Immigrants who form their startups are appreciated and they are the ways and sources who are contributing to the economy. There can be an increment in the GDP. The increase in productivity is good for economic growth and it can boost the economy. Innovations and entrepreneurship help the economy to grow. Immigration can also cause a rapid growth in the population and can have an impact on climate change and global warming. People can face food insecurity and extreme weather conditions.

References

McClain, C. J. (1994). In search of equality: the Chinese struggle against discrimination in nineteenth-century America. Univ of California Press.

Code, U. S. (2013). Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. Dayton, OH.

Misiuna, J. (2018). The Impact of the Chinese Diaspora in the US on the American View of China. International Studies: Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal (IS), 22(1), 153-168.

Influence Of Entertainment Media Analysis

Influence of Entertainment Media on American Culture

Your Name (First M. Last)

School or Institution Name (University at Place or Town, State)

Influence of entertainment media on American culture

Being a part of the twenty-first century, no one can deny the inter-relationship between the entertainment media and culture. There has been witnessed a strong influence of the entertainment in the shaping of culture of a society. Taking a look at the American culture, it could be said, media has become a source of communication that greatly influence the public. Veritably, different people have different values, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior. According to the latest researches, media of all kinds influence the behavior of individuals.

Especially taking about entertainment media, it could be claimed that American culture and values are being shaped up by it. The United States is a nation which is racially diverse in regards to its customs and traditions (Dixon, et,al,2019). American culture is identified on the basis of its dress code, music, and religion along with other cultural aspects. American culture has been influenced by its entertainment media over the years and become one of the main factors that shape up the American culture. It could be said that entertainment media has many forms and most notable out of these are mass media and social media etc. It has been witnessed that each form of media particularly entertainment media supports various kind of expressions. One of the most obvious examples of the influence of entertainment media on culture is hip-hop music which has now become a part of American urban culture.

If a closer look at the history of the USA is taken than it can be summarized that the evolution in technologies has changed how the American society and culture interact socially, economically and politically. One example of this was presented in 2007 when a partnership between CNN and YouTube gave a pathway for potential voters to present their questions to the candidates up for the presidential elections. People would record their questions and the moderators of the debate would choose some of these videos and present them to the candidates. By this method, the presidential debates were able to reach an even wider array of people leading to higher voter participation.

As the access to media evolved, this led to an evolution in how it affects people who have the power to access it (Zakakis,et,al,2019). News from radio and television became a popular trend, people paid immense attention to them and considered them their first source of information. They gave it so much importance that they did not care that the information they were receiving was valid or not. This shows that entertainment media has a strong influence on not just the American people but people all around the world as well. Its influence can be in a severe manner both either good or bad.

But over the years it has been seen that entertainment media has been used to promote positivity regarding sensitive issues and promote peace in the society. Leaders of the spiritual nature are now using media in a way to encourage morality and attract more and more people back to their religion (Sparks,et,al,2019). Furthermore, media has also been used to highlight issues that most people are affected by and has also helped in giving a mode to help these people through social and economic support. This way entertainment media gives people platforms for positively influencing the lives that ultimately shapes their culture.

On the other hand, entertainment media has also been responsible for giving hype to the different evils of society. Such as violence, drinking, drug abuse and many more. There are currently many songs, television series, and movies that prominently show these activities. This is entrenching in the minds of the new generation that if you want to be liked and admired indulging in such destructive frivolous things is the only way.

References

Dixon, T. L., Weeks, K. R., & Smith, M. A. (2019). Media Constructions of Culture, Race, and Ethnicity. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication.

Sparks, C. (2019). An Emerging Cultural Imperialist. Media Imperialism: Continuity and Change, 275.

Zakakis, N., Noikokyris, E., Bantimaroudis, P., & Panagiotidis, T. (2019). Long-term evidence of cultural agenda setting. The Agenda Setting Journal. Theory, Practice, Critique, 3(1), 3-22.

Intelcultural

Name of Student

Name of Professor

Name of Class

Day Month Year

Intelcultural

It is noteworthy that the world has achieved progress towards gender equality and women’s empowerment under the millennium development goals which also includes equal education opportunities for girls and boys but having said that girls and women are suffering from severe discrimination and violence in their work environment and households as well. As far as gender equality is concerned, it is not just a basic human right, but it is quite significant for a peaceful and prosperous society. Having said that it is proved from the available data that every 1 in 5 women are subjected to physical and emotional torture who are between the age of 15-40 by their intimate partners within a relationship period of 12 months and also currently around 49 countries have no proper laws and rules for the protection of women’s rights. The progress is occurring related to some harmful practices like child marriages which reduced by 30%, but much work needs to be done in this field in order to completely eradicate the evil of child marriages. The other major discrimination faced by women is in the workplace where despite their hard work and capability they are underpaid than their male’s coworkers. Although organizations like UNICEF are striving quite hard to eliminate this discrimination completely, still women are struggling harder to gain much-deserved equality. Reports and news like sexual harassment at workplace and violence against women are always on the news and internet. Even today after proper rules and regulation for jobs women are being judged based on their body and beauty rather than intelligence. Although equality does mean that males and females are always treated like the same, based on their biological differences, in some instances both are reasonable for different legal rights like the maternity leaves. But having so many rules and regulations we are still struggling to gain full women equality. Women are still discriminated in their workplace and even in their homes although little progress is made till now but with a proper strategy it can be achieved in the future ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"bwxRjE85","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Salinas and Bagni)","plainCitation":"(Salinas and Bagni)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":675,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/A53L7K3Y"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/A53L7K3Y"],"itemData":{"id":675,"type":"article-journal","title":"Gender Equality from a European Perspective: Myth and Reality","container-title":"Neuron","page":"721-729","volume":"96","issue":"4","source":"ScienceDirect","abstract":"In the past 50 years, significant progress in women’s equality has been made worldwide. Western countries, particularly European countries, have implemented initiatives to attain a more gender-balanced workforce with the introduction of family friendly policies, by trying to narrow the gender pay gap and by promoting women’s career progression. In academia, however, fewer women reach top leadership positions than those in the political arena. These findings suggest that academia needs to carefully evaluate why these new policies have not been very effective. In this NeuroView, we report on the progress made in higher education, the shortcomings, and how new initiatives hold great promise for improving gender equality in academia around the globe.","DOI":"10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.002","ISSN":"0896-6273","shortTitle":"Gender Equality from a European Perspective","journalAbbreviation":"Neuron","author":[{"family":"Salinas","given":"Patricia C."},{"family":"Bagni","given":"Claudia"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",11,15]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Salinas and Bagni).

Technologies are considered as the mark of life. It has impacted every aspect including transportation, engineering, sports, arts and then medicines. Every aspect of human life is affected and then molded by current technologies and that in return has shaped and changed us. In the course of only a few generations, no other generation may have seen such a fast and intense revolution of the human way of life. Most of us are able to remember the time when there were no computers and the internet, and then our grandparents used to tell us about the time when there was not even electricity. Today all aspects of our lives are changed drastically by technology. People are able to connect regardless of the distance, this also enables them to look closely into the living style and also other cultural customs like dressing, language and other cultural aspects ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ukEUH5vS","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Technology, Culture, and Virtue\\uc0\\u8221{})","plainCitation":"(“Technology, Culture, and Virtue”)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":680,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/HL4RI4IJ"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/HL4RI4IJ"],"itemData":{"id":680,"type":"webpage","title":"Technology, Culture, and Virtue","container-title":"The New Atlantis","abstract":"An article from \"The New Atlantis.\"","URL":"https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/technology-culture-and-virtue","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",3,4]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Technology, Culture, and Virtue”). As it has been reported that majority of the technology users are between the age range of 15-30 years which means that they are quite young and most of their mind is still in the developmental stages, and they can easily get influenced by the other cultures. In order to become modern and have a pace with the modern world, these people will start adopting the cultural believes of the other ones and by doing so the youth who are also the future of a nation are automatically endangering their own culture and its norms. They start doing things which are unacceptable in their own culture, but in order to fit in the modern world, they do not hesitate to adopt such things. Our local language is also losing its value due to the global language. So because of all these arguments, it is safe to say that by the advancements in technology we are losing our culture and traditions. Our language, our cultural clothes and most importantly our language get affected by technology and continuous interaction with people who belong to a diverse culture with completely different cultural norms ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"j0rjYioW","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Chronicle)","plainCitation":"(Chronicle)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":678,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/IITBI2GP"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/IITBI2GP"],"itemData":{"id":678,"type":"webpage","title":"Is technology a friend or foe to traditional practices?","container-title":"The Chronicle","abstract":"Leonora TshumaANALYTICAL arguments have arisen over the present and future use of technology in society, with divergent views over whether technology improves the human condition or worsens it. Some individuals, communities and movements criticise the pervasiveness of technology in the modern world, opining that it harms the environment and alienates people. However, there are some people, who view the continued technological progress as beneficial to society and human condition.","URL":"https://www.chronicle.co.zw/is-technology-a-friend-or-foe-to-traditional-practices/","language":"en-GB","author":[{"family":"Chronicle","given":"The"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",3,4]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Chronicle).

The time of the 2019 United Airlines NYC half is on 17th March 2019. The marathon will be in New York City which is quite famous for its shopping centers, cuisine, and other vintage jewelry. For the three days that lead to the events, the organizers of the event will take the participants to the country's distinctive neighborhood, and some of the distinctive landmarks will be shown to the participants. All this will be done in grace in the extravagance of a limousine, and also a special shopping advisor will accompany the participants. The tickets for these events are included in the tourism package. The transport package is accessible including pre-booked room, outings, and distinctive events. The accommodation for all the participants will be in Hotel Beacon or other alike hotel which is located in the Manhattan’s upper west which is quite near to central park and also it is walking distance from the finish line. The entry fee for this marathon race is $250 and upon completing the 9+1 program, which is also one of the many ways to guarantee the individual or participant’s spot in the spot line which also means finishing and also paying for nine qualifying races. It is noteworthy here that the registration fee does not cover the runner’s race registration fee which will be further due when the runner registers for the race. Some charities can also choose to donate for their runner's registration fee. The race registration fee is $130 for NYPR members and $145 for non-member NYPR members. The total number of participants who will be participating in this year of marathon race will be around 25000 who will further be surrounded by spectators who line the street is quite extraordinary ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"9QEMK2Y2","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}Five Reasons Why the 2019 United Airlines NYC Half Is \\uc0\\u8216{}The One to Run\\uc0\\u8217{}\\uc0\\u8221{})","plainCitation":"(“Five Reasons Why the 2019 United Airlines NYC Half Is ‘The One to Run’”)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":682,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/JVFZJ9EA"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/JVFZJ9EA"],"itemData":{"id":682,"type":"webpage","title":"Five Reasons Why the 2019 United Airlines NYC Half Is “The One to Run”","container-title":"The Run On","abstract":"There are hundreds of half-marathons in the U.S., but the 2019 United Airlines NYC Half is “The One to Run.” Why? Because it's an amazing and unique way to see New York City. The 13.1-mile course begins in Brooklyn, goes over the Manhattan Bridge, cuts through Chinatown, heads north on the FDR Drive","URL":"https://blog.nyrr.org/home/five-reasons-why-the-2019-united-airlines-nyc-half-is-the-one-to-run","language":"en-US","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",3,4]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“Five Reasons Why the 2019 United Airlines NYC Half Is ‘The One to Run’”).

There are particular donations who will offer definite admission to participants who will approve to increase a minimum $1000 for the charity. The fundraising criteria are set by the charity itself as long as it is high in amount than $1000 per runner which is set by NYPR and also specified in the charity partner contract. It is also said that the entry drawing for non-guaranteed applicants is also largest in the event history with 48000 applicants which are also 13 percent more than last year. 2019 is the 14th running of the united airline NYC half, and this year participants from all almost over the world are participating in this marathon because of the locations and place of these events. In this race every type of participants can take part and make it accessible for all participants the organizers have reduced the distance for both kids and disabled participants, therefore it is expected that this event will be the biggest marathon event in the history of New York ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"7YvmAnXg","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(\\uc0\\u8220{}United Airlines NYC Half Official Charity Partner Program\\uc0\\u8221{})","plainCitation":"(“United Airlines NYC Half Official Charity Partner Program”)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":684,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/WX2IQM6X"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/4C6u8dIT/items/WX2IQM6X"],"itemData":{"id":684,"type":"webpage","title":"United Airlines NYC Half Official Charity Partner Program","container-title":"NYRR","abstract":"New York Road Runners offers blocks of non-complimentary, guaranteed entries to qualified nonprofits through the Official Charity Partner program of the United Airlines NYC Half.","URL":"https://www.nyrr.org/charities-clubs-and-community/charities/united-airlines-nyc-half-official-charity-partner-program","language":"en","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014",7,25]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",3,4]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (“United Airlines NYC Half Official Charity Partner Program”). By doing this assignment, I came to know about the interesting marathon event that is going to take place in the scenic city of New York where almost all nationalities will take part, and the amount of charity that will be raised in this event will also be huge.

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Chronicle, The. “Is Technology a Friend or Foe to Traditional Practices?” The Chronicle, https://www.chronicle.co.zw/is-technology-a-friend-or-foe-to-traditional-practices/. Accessed 4 Mar. 2019.

“Five Reasons Why the 2019 United Airlines NYC Half Is ‘The One to Run.’” The Run On, https://blog.nyrr.org/home/five-reasons-why-the-2019-united-airlines-nyc-half-is-the-one-to-run. Accessed 4 Mar. 2019.

Salinas, Patricia C., and Claudia Bagni. “Gender Equality from a European Perspective: Myth and Reality.” Neuron, vol. 96, no. 4, Nov. 2017, pp. 721–29. ScienceDirect, doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.002.

“Technology, Culture, and Virtue.” The New Atlantis, https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/technology-culture-and-virtue. Accessed 4 Mar. 2019.

“United Airlines NYC Half Official Charity Partner Program.” NYRR, 25 July 2014, https://www.nyrr.org/charities-clubs-and-community/charities/united-airlines-nyc-half-official-charity-partner-program.

Intercultural Conflict At Gordon Foundry

Intercultural Conflict at Gordon Foundry

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Author Note

Intercultural Conflict at Gordon Foundry

The incident encountered by Mr. White Deer at Gordon Foundry depicts the problem of intercultural conflicts in the workplace. This describes the conflicts or disputes that arise due to intercultural communication i.e. interaction either verbal or non-verbal among the people belonging to different cultures and nations. The purpose of intercultural communication is to reduce the disputes among the transcultural groups and help them to understand each other’s differences and discover their commonalities. This directly impacts the employee's behavior and organizational performance at the workplace.

However, many intercultural concerns prevail in the workplace including non-verbal gestures and body language, social constructs, authoritarian views or notions, ethnicity and discrimination based on different determinants such as gender, race, age, color, religion, and others. The workplace comprising of diverse group of employees have different opinions regarding their cultures, political views, religious obligations and racial biases towards each other.

Moreover, the differences in age, education, and social status also play an imperative role in causing workplace conflicts as they vary culture to culture. The increase in workplace diversity demands interpersonal communication to overcome these differences and develop professional associations at the workplace. Employee's gestures, body language, verbal language, choice of words and reactions vary in different cultures and are significant in intercultural communication to understand the co-workers and their approach towards different concerns at the workplace. The increasingly global reach has made workplaces more diverse due to which employees and employers need to work on cultural diversity among other related issues. The employees need to learn how to behave and interact acceptably at a diverse workplace. Conversely, employees may face complications in global business interactions if they fail to understand people's social values, norms and behaviors at the workplace. Globalization indicates the organizational changes related to the multicultural workforce which demands different skills to manage them and increase their productivity.

In the Gordon Foundry case, Mr. White faced problems in his initial days at work due to the following critical issues:

Workplace diversity

In the provided case study, Mr. White and his colleagues at the Gordon Foundry belong to two different groups. The co-workers are Canadians with a French origin, whereas Mr. White is an American. Moreover, the difference in age and education also exists. Such dissimilar characteristics among the employees of the company led the majority group to a rebellious and discomforting behavior towards their new fellow employees. The distinctive skills of Mr. White also instill a sense of jealousy and disrespect among his co-workers.

Ethnic and Cultural Differences

The two groups of employees belong to two distinct cultures and nations. The American culture differs greatly from Canadian culture in terms of its values, beliefs, and behaviors. The Canadians jealousy seeks privacy and personal space which makes them reserved people. They take the time to welcome a new employee. On the other hand, the majority group of co-workers have some family members, as well, which might play authoritative tricks on the newcomer to harass and bully him or her without the fear of upper management. Canadians are quite fond of their natural settings and are keen to differentiate them from the Americans.

Lack of communication and difference in common language

In a bilingual workplace, language is the biggest factor in dividing the employees. The use of two different languages among the majority French-Canadian group and Mr. White is a critical issue that leads to a lack of communication and interaction between the two groups. Francophone Canadians are more likely to socialize and work together in a group of monolingual people ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"dZuLtSJ2","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Canada, 2014)","plainCitation":"(Canada, 2014)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":234,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/2y0xTiQs/items/NQ3GMYHU"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/2y0xTiQs/items/NQ3GMYHU"],"itemData":{"id":234,"type":"webpage","container-title":"GAC","language":"eng","title":"Cultural Information - Canada | Centre for Intercultural Learning","URL":"https://www.international.gc.ca/cil-cai/country_insights-apercus_pays/ci-ic_ca.aspx?lang=eng","author":[{"family":"Canada","given":"Global Affairs Canada-Affaires","dropping-particle":"mondiales"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",12,13]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014",10,30]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Canada, 2014).

To reduce the intercultural conflicts, the two groups need to work on their communication and enhance their interactions using both verbal and non-verbal languages. They should be made aware of the importance of communication and how the drawbacks of cultural conflicts can impact the organizational performance. This option would not cost much for the company but may lead to personal grudges or failure to resolve the issues on their own. Also, every group view their culture as normal and others’ as strange which leads the groups to evaluate their differences incorrectly.

The second suggestion to resolve intercultural conflicts is to appoint a mediator who manages cross-cultural conflicts among the employees and train them by involving them in related activities. Hiring a conflict mediator may cost the organization but will prove to be effective when a person will be viewing the conflicts neutrally. However, the mediator must avoid daunting their cultural opinions on the conflicting parties.

In a multicultural company, I suggest that a conflict manager should be appointed, who may act as a mediator between the conflicting groups and resolve their disputes through dialogue. It is imperative that the two groups communicate and come to an agreement in relevance to their cultural considerations. Moreover, the mediator will work on their cultural sensitivity and how to respect the culture and traditions of other groups which will positively affect employees’ performance and maximize their capabilities in a diverse workplace. However, the conflict mediator should belong to a different culture than the conflicting groups in order to act and resolve the matters on a neutral ground (Prause & Mujtaba, 2015). It is recommended that the direct confrontations should be avoided and matters should be resolved in order to prevent desperate circumstances from arising.

In order to evaluate the success of suggested alternative, the following steps are advised:

Firstly, identify the conflict causing issues

In case of confusions and problems, look into the cultural dissimilarities

Resolve disputes through problem solving techniques and consider the cultural sensitivity

Work on the similarities and promote awareness regarding cultural sensitivity

Address the issues and propose a solution

Take feedback from the involved parties

I have learned the following concepts:

Intercultural conflicts

Workplace diversity

Ethnic and cultural differences

Intercultural communication

Conflict management

Cultural sensitivity

References

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Canada, G. A. C.-A. mondiales. (2014, October 30). Cultural Information—Canada | Centre for Intercultural Learning. Retrieved December 13, 2019, from GAC website: https://www.international.gc.ca/cil-cai/country_insights-apercus_pays/ci-ic_ca.aspx?lang=eng

Prause, D., & Mujtaba, B. G. (2015). Conflict management practices for diverse workplaces. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 6(3), 13.

Intercultural Experience

[Author’s Name]

[Subject]

[Date]

Intercultural Experience

Man is a social animal and therefore cannot live in isolation. Communication can be described as the imparting of information through speaking. Communication facilitates a lot in removing barriers between people. America is a “melting pot” and is, therefore, home to people belonging from different cultural backgrounds. Language is the main barrier when communicating with people from different cultural backgrounds. Intercultural communication can facilitate a lot in removing language barriers, while also increasing the understanding of culturally mediated communication phenomena (Jones).

As mentioned earlier, due to diversity in the US, almost every person residing in America must have experienced a situation in which he or she had to deal with an individual belonging from a different cultural background. Recently, I also had an intercultural experience while I was out with my friends. Life in high school is a bit tough as one has to manage quizzes, assignments, and presentations. So in that tough situation, my friends and I decided to spend a night out so that we can free ourselves from the worries of high school, for one night. I, along with my friends, decided to go to the nearby pizza shop famous for its awesome pizza and ambiance. I have heard the name of Rey’s Pizza and its food quality, so I was very anxious to try their pizza. After deciding a place to sit and making ourselves comfortable, we proceeded to order. When we called the server and decided to order our food, I was shocked that the server was not fluent in speaking the English language. He was unable to understand the order clearly and had difficulties in understanding English language. However, after a lot of effort, we were able to place the order. After waiting for almost fifteen minutes, I saw the server coming towards us with the pizza. However, when I saw the pizza I was disappointed as it was not the same pizza that I ordered. So, I called the waiter again and told him that he had served us the wrong order but he immediately replied that this was what I ordered. I immedialtely became angry and was furious as I knew that I did not order the pizza that he served to us. Due to this reason, we both had an argument in which I tried to explain the server regarding what I ordered. At this moment I realized the struggles that people from different cultural backgrounds had to face when they had to communicate with other people.

Although in anger, one of my friends yelled at the server he did not say anything and just started to apologize. Seeing this, I became a bit sad as I realized that it was not the server’s fault because he is not fluent in speaking English language and he only knows Spanish. I told the server that instead of listening he should write the name of the pizza we want so that he can forward our order to the head chef. So I wrote my order and gave it to him. During this time, I remembered the lecture I took on the importance of non-verbal communication. So I searched for the picture of the pizza we wanted and showed that to him. He immediately recognized the pizza and thanked me for understanding his position. He then went and brought the pizza I ordered. My friends also realized their mistake and therefore offered him to take a slice of pizza, as well. He became very happy and we had great fun that night.

This experience taught me, not only the importance of intercultural communication, but also about non-verbal communication as well. I learned that good intercultural communication skills require a willingness to accept the differences and collaborate to build a friendly environment.

Works Cited

Jones, Anna, and Xuan Quach. "Intercultural communication." The University of Melbourn (2007).

Interpersonal Relationships

[Your Name]

[Instructor Name]

[Course Number]

[Date]

Culture: Interpersonal Relationships

At the time when you have a one on one communication with others, interpersonal communication comes to happen. This includes relationships of your with the people such as family members, friends, and community members, etc. The main sources of intimacy and social contact are interpersonal relationships while these relationships come to see developing because there are some objectives and overlapping goals.

Friendships are anything that involves shared activities, events and activities while a friend is an individual who shares these similarities as yours’ while people having sexual relationships and closer feelings are considered as romantic partners. In a number of regions of the world such as India, marriages are arranged and decided by the elders and parents of individuals while it can be seen opposite in other states like the USA.

Based on the view and findings of many analysts, the Arabic cultures consider and treat men as preferred sex as well as desire this sex to be stronger than the women and everyone wishes the marrying couple to have more sons than daughters. But in case of similarities, the maintenance of face which is used to develop and keep connections between people can be found in similar presence in both Arabic and US cultures (Joann Brown, N. P).

In addition to the above, there is a strong connection between the face work and intercultural communication as well in almost every culture in the world which includes characteristics with partners, family, and friends. Despite that, if one wants to identify himself or herself, then he/she can judge their behavior and attribution separately as these are different factors to consider. It means the one should look at these factors separately when going for self-disclosure which can be witnessed more in the Americans than other cultures and nations. This includes preferences of people as well as such as avoiding, accommodating, competing, and compromising, etc.

At last, the material and analysis under discussion find that one can know how time works and how he/she fits in the society by giving him/herself a particular score because time is mostly viewed as monochromic by cultures societies have different classes (Joann Brown, N. P).

Work Cited

Joann Brown. "Intercultural Communication. Florida International University. N. P., 2013. Web. 19 Sept. 2019.

Interview Project

[Name of the Writer]

[Name of Instructor]

[Subject]

[Date]

Interview Project

Chapter 5: “Identity and Inter-Cultural Communication" Summary

Culture plays a very important and basic role to define the characteristics and the qualities of any person or individual. Different countries have different kinds of cultures. People adopt culture according to the region they are living in. Culture is defined as a set of values, norms, traditions and customs that are have been developed and are followed by the people of a specific geographical region. It can also be carried on and followed by the people of belonging to a specific race or religion.

Culture is not a one-time development, in fact, it is a product developed over a period of time. Culture, whether being followed by a limited number of people or a large population is developed over a period of time and includes a wide range of aspects. The fundamental role that is played in the development of culture is played by the religion and the climate of the geographical region in which that culture is being developed (Martin). Currently, white culture is the most dominant in the world. It has complex characteristics and defined and elaborated values. Identity is also a part of the culture. Identity is defined as a separate or distinguishing characteristic that is present in an individual. Culture also plays a major role in defining and shaping up the characteristics of an individual. There are multiple approaches that can be used to define identity but three of them are used most commonly; social science, interpretive and critical. Identities are also developed and defined by the major and minority group memberships. In addition to this, identities also constitute multiple types like static, dynamic, personal and contextual. Identities are very complex in nature and portray the various aspects of an individual’s personality like age, gender, sexuality, race, caste, religion, regionality, nationality, and ethnicity.

Critique/Analysis of Chapter 5: "Identity and Inter-Cultural Communication"

The author of the book “Intercultural Communication and Contexts” has a deep insight over the various sort of cultural values prevailing in the world. Judith Martin (author of the book) has presented an elaborated picture of how various cultures are developed in the world over a period of time and what are the factors that contribute to their development. In Chapter 5 of the book that has been titled as “Identity and Inter-Cultural Communication”, Judith Martin has laid emphasis over the aspect of identities within a culture. These identities may be personal or social in nature.

The chapter focuses on defining what exactly an identity is and how it is developed. Moreover, the author takes the idea of individual identity and social identity in the context and how a specific or separate identity is developed over a period of time while remaining within a group or a society. There has been a considerate amount of literature on the aspect of the development of identities and what can be the possible issues that can affect this development process. In addition to this, the chapter has also intelligently touched the areas of diversity and multiculturalism while discussing the development of social identities.

The topic of the development of individual and social identities hold great significance in the daily life and routine of a person irrespective of the role they are playing in society. It helps in determining the types of characteristics a person is carrying and evaluate the most obvious things like gender, age, nationality, regionality, religion and race. Most importantly, it also helps to analyze the nature of that specific individual and recognize the stereotypes that a person is holding with respect to other people, races, religions and other members and various aspects of the society.

Chapter 9: “Popular Culture and Inter-Cultural Communication” Summary

Communication plays a very important role in the propagation of various sort of messages and vibes in the community. Culture is a proponent made up of a mixture of amalgamation of various values, norms and traditions and thus communication helps to deliver these values to other people. These people may be the followers of that culture or the non-followers. Communication also helps to carry on the traditions and legacy of the culture downward and upward. The downward carrying on of the cultural; values means the passing on of these values to the new generations and the upward communication means to bring on changes in the current culture or the passed down traditions and informing the predecessors of these traditions that following changes have been made.

Intercultural communication also helps to propagate the positive and diverse values of any culture into the other cultures, and let the followers of other cultures learn the constructive and positive values present in the culture. But the prospect of intercultural communication is not an easy task, it can be tough and challenging to communicate within cultures especially if the values are very rigid and deeply rooted. The biggest challenge of intercultural communication is coping up with differences along with explaining certain aspects of the values to the other people especially non-followers of that culture (Martin). This could be tough as the non-followers do not understand the significance and specificity of a particular tradition.

Multiple approaches can be used to minimi9ze or mitigate these challenges and make the process of intercultural communication more easy and smooth. These approaches are social science, interpretive and critical. Moreover, there are six dialects of interpersonal communications that define and control any communication process within cultures. These are personal-contextual, cultural-individual, differences-similarities, static-dynamic, privilege-disadvantage, and history/past-present/future.

Critique/Analysis of Chapter 9: "Popular Culture and Inter-Cultural Communication"Chapter 9 of the book “Intercultural Communication and Contexts” has been titled as "Popular Culture and Inter-Cultural Communication" and throws light over the various aspects of the popular and renowned side of the culture. These aspects or the factors that make a culture popular and famous in a society or in a global perspective, in general, become the dominant properties of that culture and people mostly relate to that culture on the basis of those qualities. The author has given an insight into various sorts of cultures without having to personally experience them and how various cultures are adopted by old and new followers in that society.

As the author belongs to the United States of America and the book has also been written keeping in mind the American society, a little more focus has been put in the properties and aspects of the popular cultural values prevailing in the country. The author has also skillfully inculcated that how popular values of the culture prevailing in the United States of America is also impacting the whole world and how other cultures are also getting influenced by these values. One of the very beneficial pieces of literature that this chapter holds is the insight of the author that how immigrants take the popular culture of a new country or place and how they adopt it.

These insights are very much helpful in the daily routine or experiences of a persona as popular culture defines the major characteristics of the personality of an individual. Most of the times, the behavioural patterns exhibited by a person in the society, in general, are a result of the various sorts of cultural stereotypes and family influences that have been instilled in their minds since birth and have been brought up with those all their lives.

Chapter 11: “Culture, Communication and Conflict” Summary

The world is a combination of a mixture of various sort of cultures and values, so conflict is an unavoidable factor in such a situation. Conflict is defined as the incompatibility of goals, expectations, processes, values or outcomes that may be real or perceived. It may be between two or more individuals or a group of individuals. Conflicts may be constructive or destructive in nature. In general, conflict has multiple types: conflict of interest, cognitive conflict, value conflict, goal conflict and affective. When it comes to the intercultural conflicts it can also be divided into four major types: discussion, accommodating, engagement, and dynamic (Martin).

Intercultural communication may be affected by the various factors that leave a deep mark on the whole communication process and affect the quality of the communication. These factors may be in the form of religion, ethnicity, gender, family influences and stereotypes. In addition to this, these conflicts can arise due to various other factors like language barriers, ambiguity, and contradictory conflict management styles.

Multiple strategies can be adopted to resolve the conflicts and mitigate their effects in order to produce productive results and induce positivity for a longer term in the communication process. Social movements are one of such approaches. Moreover, many cultures imply the strategies of transformational communication and peacebuilding in big social setups so that the members of society can work in equilibrium and harmony towards the achievement of progressive goals peacefully. These strategies are also beneficial in keeping a balance in society so that petty disputes do not grow up into rigorous wars of rage and violence. Some other successful strategies in this respect may be the development of a diverse and open mindset, identifying a preferred style of conflict management, recognizing the importance of conflict management styles and promoting the habit of forgiveness.

Critique/Analysis of Chapter 11: “Culture, Communication and Conflict”

Chapter 11 of the book “Intercultural Communication and Contexts” has been titled "Culture, Communication and Conflict" and is probably the most informational chapter of the whole book. Judith Martin has intelligently inculcated the whole paradigm of conflict and conflict resolution in a single chapter and given a complete insight into the whole field of conflict. The chapter has been categorized so skillfully that even a layman, who does not have any knowledge about what conflict is, can easily understand the whole picture of conflict and the conflict within intercultural groups.

The chapter predominantly discusses the aspect of communication within the cultures and how the process of communication is affected by the arousal of the conflict. The author has focused on various types of conflicts, especially while communicating within different cultures and how these conflict can be controlled and resolved before they become a big war.

This discussion is very much important as it gives knowledge to a person how to deal with conflict in their daily lives. Conflict is not a one-day event or once in blue moon occurrence but a matter of a daily routine. A person has to face many instances in their daily routine life where disagreement or difference in opinion may occur. It has been observed that most of the times, this difference of opinion is the result of various sorts of stereotypes and the pre-developed thinking that the individual is not ready to change. This chapter is also very helpful in providing the information that how conflicts can be resolved in the daily routine using various approaches like the social science approach and the interpretive and critical approaches.

Works Cited

Martin, Judith N., and Thomas K. Nakayama. Intercultural communication in contexts. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2013.