Research Paper Outline

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Research Paper Outline

Introduction

Growth of rice in China

Cooking of rice in China

Comparison between the northern and southern region of the country

Main purpose

The main purpose of the research is to find out the diet pattern and the importance of rice in China.

Thesis Statement

China cultivates the largest amount of rice in the world. It provides thirty percent of world rice. Therefore, People use more rice as high production leads to the high consumption of rice in the country. ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"qoXjOeoJ","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Boston and Ma 02115 +1495\\uc0\\u8209{}1000)","plainCitation":"(Boston and Ma 02115 +1495‑1000)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":639,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/JHKR4MBW"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/JHKR4MBW"],"itemData":{"id":639,"type":"webpage","title":"Rice","container-title":"The Nutrition Source","abstract":"Rice is a main staple in more than 100 countries worldwide. [1] In some households, rice is included with more than one meal a day. This starchy high-calorie grain is generally low cost, making it …","URL":"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/food-features/rice/","language":"en-us","author":[{"family":"Boston","given":"677 Huntington Avenue"},{"family":"Ma 02115 +1495‑1000","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",9,24]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",5,13]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Boston and Ma 02115 +1495‑1000)

Discussion

History of rice in China

Its been 10000 years, China is growing rice.

Civilization was range to lower Yangzi where the climate was in favor of rice production

Initially, the price was high therefore only rich people could afford it that is during the Zhou dynasty.

It became a regular meal during the Han dynasty ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"wcF5MZnm","properties":{"formattedCitation":"({\\i{}Rice in China})","plainCitation":"(Rice in China)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":638,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/9PIUZRW5"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/9PIUZRW5"],"itemData":{"id":638,"type":"webpage","title":"Rice in China","URL":"https://www.chinasage.info/rice.htm","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",5,13]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Rice in China)

Festivals and tradition of rice eating

Rice is the symbol of success and failure of the country

New Year Festival: Rice cakes are used

Lantern Festival: Rice cakes are eaten as a tradition

Dragon Boat Festival: Rice is used in the form of Zongzi

Chongyang Festival: Glutinous or sticky rice is used

Growing rice in China:

Over centuries, technology advancement helping in rice cultivation

Rice requires lots of water

Flooding is the main tool to suppress weeds

Irrigation is used in ninety percent of the land

Other than irrigation, it requires high rainfall

298,997,512 acres land is used in China for rice production

Southern area raise two harvests per year

Diet contrast between south and north China

Climate is totally different in both region

North climate is too cold and not suitable for rice growth while South climate is perfect for rice production

North use less of rice than South

Rice is the regular meal in South

South provide rice to the north to meet the demand there

North grow wheat rather than rice

North region prefer wheat made items like dumplings and noodles

South region consume more rice than wheat ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"OggLb9Mk","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Yuan et al.)","plainCitation":"(Yuan et al.)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":641,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/SKLBJNF3"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/rVaVAHaF/items/SKLBJNF3"],"itemData":{"id":641,"type":"article-journal","title":"The Development of a Chinese Healthy Eating Index and Its Application in the General Population","container-title":"Nutrients","volume":"9","issue":"9","source":"PubMed Central","abstract":"The objective of this study was to develop a Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) based on the updated Dietary Guidelines for Chinese (DGC-2016) and to apply it in the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS-2011) to assess diet quality and its association with typical sociodemographic/economic factors. Data from 14,584 participants (≥2 years) from the CHNS-2011, including three 24-h dietary recalls and additional variables, were used to develop the CHEI. The standard portion size was applied to quantify food consumption. The CHEI was designed as a continuous scoring system, comprising 17 components; the maximum total score is 100. The mean, 1st and 99th percentiles of the CHEI score were 52.4, 27.6 and 78.3, respectively. Young and middle-aged adults scored better than the elderly. Diet insufficiency was chiefly manifested in fruits, dairy, whole grains and poultry; diet excess was mainly reflected in red meat, cooking oils and sodium. The CHEI was positively associated with education and urbanization levels; current smokers and unmarried people obtained relative low CHEI scores. Occupation and body mass index (BMI) were also related to the CHEI. Our findings indicate that the CHEI is capable of recognizing differences in diet quality among the Chinese, and it is sensitive to typical sociodemographic/economic factors.","URL":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5622737/","DOI":"10.3390/nu9090977","ISSN":"2072-6643","note":"PMID: 28872591\nPMCID: PMC5622737","journalAbbreviation":"Nutrients","author":[{"family":"Yuan","given":"Ya-Qun"},{"family":"Li","given":"Fan"},{"family":"Dong","given":"Rui-Hua"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Jing-Si"},{"family":"He","given":"Geng-Sheng"},{"family":"Li","given":"Shu-Guang"},{"family":"Chen","given":"Bo"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",9,5]]},"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",5,13]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Yuan et al.)

Types of rice

White rice and brown rice

White rice is a refined form of brown rice

Brown rice is full of fiber while white rice is not

Brown rice is full of nutrition than white rice

Chinese use more white rice than brown rice

Chinese are getting less nutrition as they get more by using brown rice

The nutrition of rice meal

94% of Chinese take three meals while 5% take two meals a day

Rice is composed of carbs and protein with almost no fat

Rice is the complete meal full of nutrients

Cooked white rice contains about 130 calories, 69% of water, 28.7g carbs, and 2.4g protein

It is free of fiber, sugar, and only 0.2g fat

Rice is composed of carbs also known as starch

Starch is the form of carbohydrates

Different type of rice have different percentage of starch

High digestibility is the disadvantage of sticky rice

It is not good for diabetics and high blood pressure patients

Uses of rice

Glutinous rice: They are most sticky rice, often available in packages

Bamboo leaves are used to wrap the cooked glutinous rice

It is used in all types of food that is sweet and savory.

Rice flour is also used in everyday meal

Noodles made up of rice are used in meal

Wines are also made by fermenting rice

The economic view of rice

High-quality rice is produced

China is the world's largest rice producer

High production leads to the low price of rice in the country

Low price enables people to consume more amount of rice

High revenue is obtained by exporting rice

Chinese diet other than rice:

Rice is mostly consumed in the southern area

The northern region of China prefer wheat as it is cheaper in that region

Chinese use meat and basically eat all animals

They commonly use pork meat, chicken, beef, mutton, and Peking duck

Vegetables are also used separately and also with rice

The most common vegetables in China include; Chinese cabbage, potatoes, cucumbers, white radish, and Chinese eggplant

Chinese do not eat rice alone, they add vegetables or meat with it

They eat special dishes and then add rice to fill the stomach

Foods that are served with rice include; burritos, salad, soup, vegetables, and sweet stuff

The most favorite food of Chinese is chew Mein

Chew Mein contains rice noodles, vegetables, and meat all in one dish

Conclusion

Rice is the most common grain used in China

It is growing and using from about 10000 years ago

It is used in festivals

Southern region produce and use rice more than the northern region of China

Rice contains carbohydrates, protein, and least fat

Rice is not the main meal

It is used along with other dishes like vegetables and meat

Economic background of rice in China is strong

Thirty percent of world rice is produced in China

People use rice to fill their stomach

Various dishes are made in China through rice

Works Cited

ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Boston, 677 Huntington Avenue, and Ma 02115 +1495‑1000. “Rice.” The Nutrition Source, 24 Sept. 2018, https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/food-features/rice/.

Rice in China. https://www.chinasage.info/rice.htm. Accessed 13 May 2019.

Yuan, Ya-Qun, et al. “The Development of a Chinese Healthy Eating Index and Its Application in the General Population.” Nutrients, vol. 9, no. 9, Sept. 2017. PubMed Central, doi:10.3390/nu9090977.