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Income inequality indirectly affects health status of US workers and it arises because there are different occupations and work environments. Income has two main components, one is Real wages and other is Non-wage compensation that contributed more than 29% of total income in USA in 2013 and are rarely incorporated into income inequality measures. Literature consistently give findings that higher income itself gives higher happiness. Whereas, People measure their incomes by comparing to others rather than counting in numbers and judge their well-being by comparing with society’s average level of living (Williams & Rosenstock, 2015). Some Researches given the relationship between income inequality and health measures resulted in suicide and poor mental health among workers due to job strains. In past 20 years, full-time dual-earner families are increased and women participation rate rose from 34% in 1950 to 57% in 2013. Women earn about 80% of men earning from the same work because of these factors: employment choices, discrimination, and family take care responsibilities. In USA, Income inequality has a more significant effect on women than men. Income reported as low important for women happiness than for men, and happiness has more effect on men due to different motives than for women. Study indicates that most of the income variables are associated with life satisfaction of women, like women having health insurance are associated with 22% more satisfied with life than others are. Further, Study describes that women employees remains highly satisfied with their life as they become older but up to 51 and married women have 63% better life satisfaction than un-married (Ahn et al., 2016). In summary, a separate analysis for women and men between life satisfaction and income inequality shows that it reduced the overall life satisfaction of men by 52 percent but do not have significant linked with life satisfaction of women.
References:
Ahn, H., Roll, S. J., Zeng, W., Frey, J. J., Reiman, S., & Ko, J. (2016). Impact of income inequality on workers’ life satisfaction in the US: A multilevel analysis. Social Indicators Research, 128(3), 1347-1363.
Williams, J. A. R., & Rosenstock, L. (2015). Squeezing blood from a stone: how income inequality affects the health of the American workforce. American journal of public health, 105(4), 616-621.
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