Final Policy Paper
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Final Policy Paper
Introduction
Public policy is characterized as the critical phenomenon that is associated with the overall performance of the government at federal and state levels. The approach of public policy determines as the necessary principle guide that helps administrative entities to apprehend the idea of action properly. It is worthy to mention that the main focus of the public policy to cover different social and developmental dimensions that ultimately leads to the target of economic and social growth of the country. Public policy is one integral part of the overall administrative and governmental structure of the country. All the decisions are relevant to the idea of the public policy initiated and approved by individuals of groups considering the different forms of faiths and beliefs. Critical evaluation of the idea of public policy characterized as the one crucial benchmark to make inferences about the entire performance of the government ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"sy7ivUMi","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Denhardt, 2010)","plainCitation":"(Denhardt, 2010)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":644,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/2FW8NE6H"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/2FW8NE6H"],"itemData":{"id":644,"type":"book","title":"Theories of Public Organization","publisher":"Cengage Learning","URL":"https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=0mt5MF9EBJgC","ISBN":"978-1-4390-8623-0","author":[{"family":"Denhardt","given":"R. B."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Denhardt, 2010). The spectrum of public policy is utilized by the government to develop a strategic approach in case of different important sectors of development. Education is established as the one major sector of the society that requires necessary attention and practical measures to meet the target of education for all the students in the most appropriate manner. Different forms of public policy are established by the governments of the country overtime to provide necessary incentives to this sector. It is also mandatory to mention that this sector is also facing different sort of issues relevant to the main idea of public policy. Here the main focus of this work is to identify and critically analyze the public policy issue of funding schools in the country to determine its impact on the need for a policy change.
Discussion
The country of the United States of America known as the large federal republic that is one explicit example of the combination of different features of federalism. The paradigm of the federal government is used to establish and implement the phenomenon of administration for all its states. The element of authority is distributed between the federal and the states governments, and this contribution is also prevailing in the form of collecting revenues and the factor of expenses in the different areas of development. When it comes to the approach of the developmental sectors of the country than the role of the education sector can never be neglected. It is one crucial area of development that requires necessary attention to ensure the overall development of American society ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"1wqXvUaa","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Cropf, 2015)","plainCitation":"(Cropf, 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":645,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/LJBZGJMD"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/7Hi3kAOD/items/LJBZGJMD"],"itemData":{"id":645,"type":"book","title":"American Public Administration: Public Service for the 21st Century (2-downloads)","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","URL":"https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=PnWACgAAQBAJ","ISBN":"978-1-317-35042-2","author":[{"family":"Cropf","given":"R. A."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Cropf, 2015). The existing education system of the country categorized as a combination of many different associated factors. It is important to critically understand all the related aspects to make inference about the education system of America.
Public Education Policy
The concept of the public education policy in the country can better understand through the proper consideration of the overall education system. The education system of the country is complex which involves consideration of many stakeholders. The feature of education is provided by the three major domains of public, private, and the facet of home schools. The main standards of education are formulated and established by the state governments concerning the main idea of the public education system. Public educational institutes have a major contribution to the overall education system exist in the country at a different level of learning. Decisions about the performance of the education system can be better made through the proper understanding of the public policy educational structure. Different public policy programs are adopted over time to meet the actual needs of learning advancement in all the parts of the country. Balance association and the distribution of power between federal and state governments are integral aspects of obtaining an effective and efficient education system.
Education is recognized as the critical instrument that reflects the entire development of the society. It is one dynamic area that requires timely and concrete changes to meet the changing demands successfully. Federal and state governments are referred to the two main shareholders when it comes to the development and implement of the public policy for the education sector. Both these entities play their active role to determine the need for expenses and the approach of allocation of resources according to the actual needs of the paradigm of education. The perspective of education is categorized as the shared responsibility of federal and the state governments. The Department of Education (ED) and other federal agencies play their vital role in the form of delivering a large portion of funds for the enhancement of educational activities.
The federal government of the country is committed to successfully filling the gap in state and local level education programs to provide better outcomes about the enhancement of learning for the students in all the states. Undoubtedly, different forms of complexities are involved in the whole scenario that requires necessary attention. Imbalance prospect of the public policy for education ultimately causes different serious concerns that require immediate and practical solutions.
Policy Issue of School Funding
Various types of public policy issues for the education sector are facing by the country to a great extent. It is the need of time to consider the issues of the education sector as the real concern and offer a realistic solution to deal with policy issues. Thorough scrutiny of the social perspective of the education exposes that school financing is one major issue that hinders the overall developmental process of early learning of students. The issue of school funding is one explicit form of contention between the school management and the legislative authorities working as public entities (Vollrath, 2013). The public policy issue of funding schools turns as the debacle as it increases the risk factor for the deprivation of many children from the learning process. This specific concern or controversy endangered the career of many educational professionals in all the different states of the country. The situation of education emergency is going to be drastic with each day that demands the consideration of some practical measures at both federal and state levels. It is one major task for the government to recognize the intensity of the problem of the unfair or inadequate approach of school funding and take necessary measures to address this public concern on a priority basis. The objective of a high-quality education system is only possible when schools have enough structural and procedural opportunities to meet the actual needs of the children’s learning.
The protest by educators belongs to different states of the country is one clear sign of the serious concern appears in the form of inadequate and unequal allocation of resources for the schools. This sort of concerns turns to the major public policy crisis belongs to the education sector. Education professional raised their opinion that it is important for the governments to consider the financial needs of the education sector of the country and allocate more funds for the schools by considering it as the prime feature of social construction and development at a broader level. Jam-packed classrooms for the students, old textbooks, and leaky ceilings are some of the main problems associated with the chronic issue of cut of school funding by the federal and state governments. Public entities are identified as the failed institutes to meet the fundamental needs of the education sector that are essential to ensure the comprehensive learning foundation for the students in all states.
Stakeholders and Affected Constituencies
It is important to evaluate the entities who are greatly affected by the entire issue of unequal or improper school funding. Recognition of the main shareholders of the policy issue helps to determine that who requires necessary help and to figure out the actual way to deal with the issue. Unfortunately, the negative implications of this specific issue are vast as it ultimately influences the smooth functioning of the entire society. Children, parents, management of schools, teachers, and all the professional educators are the main shareholders that are greatly influenced by the unfair domain of the school funding. Unavailability of resources ultimately makes it difficult for these entities to continue their living approach progressively. It is critical to indicate that negative impact of the budgetary cuts for the schools eventually become the problem for the whole society. It requires necessary attention that if children can never sustain their education due to expenses than this deficiency become the prime reason for their improper participation in the country’s growth process. Budget cuts in case of school funding strongly affect all the shareholders in various forms. It is essential to mention that students are the main stakeholder in the overall scenario of public policy concern in the form of school funding (Leachman & Mai, 2014). The idea of restricting funding for the schools ultimately decrease the learning opportunities for the students as institutes appears as the failed entities to handle the burden of student debt. Public education is the central aspect recognized as an effective instrument to ensure the learning opportunities for all the students. The issue of cuts of funding in the form of public policy eventually blocked the pathway of cheap and significant learning for kids. Unavailability of the funds for the education sector negatively influence the education spectrum specifically for the poor children because they immensely depend on the public funding for their education expenses.
Unavailability or the unequal distribution of school funds is the one prominent concern in the field of education raised by the communities in different forms. The individuals who directly affect the influence of this particular policy concern come up with the opinion that there is a need for immediate adoption of the quality approach of the entire process of school funding. Active involvement of all the shareholders is mandatory to understand the actual needs of the resources and ensure the availability of funds for schools of all the states as the priority set by the federal and local governments. It is demanded to focus this issue state by state and offer better, and detailed intervention plans to handle the ongoing drastic situation better. It is one task for the federal and the state governments to ensure the availability of the funding according to the actual need of every state. Many constituencies are greatly hit by the negative influence of the policy concern of improper school funding. Communities living in the poor areas of the country demands that where are enough capital resources and the money that can ensure the comprehensive learning process for their kids. The demand for inexpensive public education for the school going children is increasing every day in different parts of America. Recent protests by professional educators belong to the different region of the country is one clear example that explains the intensity of the issue of school funding. Different comparatively poor constituencies such as North Carolina are the main areas greatly affected by the phenomenon of the school funding cut. It impacts the functioning of the communities at a great extent as it becomes difficult to handle the burden of growing expenses.
The relevance of Political Institutions
Different political institutes are immensely involved with the entire scenario of the public policy concern in the form of school funding. It is important for many political organizations to play their active role to deal with this particular social calamity. The role of legislative foundations is crucial that determine the funds for the public school. Proper evaluation of the actual situation of schools situated in different states is required to ensure the equal distribution of public resources. There is a need for proper legislation at both federal and state level that ensures the proper solution to the policy problem of school funding. The participation of administrative entities is also crucial to ensure the possible and effective practical measures that help to handle the troubling situation of school funding. Congress of the country is one main political institute that involves the entire spectrum of the public policy issue of school funding. It is one core responsibility of the elective representatives to pass laws and legal domains to provide better assistance to the citizens by addressing the concern of expensive education for the children of the country.
Role of the Federal Government and State Governments
Federal and state governments both referred to as the main shareholders when it comes to the prospect of different social concerns. Education is one essential parameter in any society to assess the overall growth of the country. It also established as the one important aspect of the American society that influences people to a great extent. It is vital to mention that the role of the government at both levels of federal and state level is critical to determine and transfer necessary funds for the schools (Leachman et al., 2016). It is the central responsibility for the governments to ensure the equal distribution of the resources and provide necessary assistance to the school management for the proper learning operations for all the students.
The issue of public policy concern in the form of inappropriate school funding raise a question for the performance of both the governments working at federal and local level. The role of the federal government can never be ignored because it is the institute that has the responsibility to ensure the fair distribution of resources for all the states without any discrimination. The issue of school funding ultimately referred to as the failure of the federal government in the form of incompetency to effectively focus this form of major concern of many states. The federal government is the major shareholder of the entire situation as the portion of the funds for education is the responsibility of the federal Institute of ED. On the other hand, the role of state governments is also critical to better evaluate the entire policy issue of school funding. The growing issue of improper school funding in different states also reveals the unproductive approach of the state governments. Governments working in the states referred to as the failed entities as these institutes never handle this problematic situation properly.
The Cost of Policy Issue of School Funding on Americans
The adverse consequences of the public policy issue of school funding appear for the entire nation. Expensive education almost makes it impossible for financially deprive kids to attain the required form of learning effectively and efficiently. This form of social calamity ultimately impacts the overall growth and the economic development of the country. It can be rightly said that expensive education is not in favor of all the Americans in general. Funding cut in the education sector is making social and economic life of American difficult.
Proposed Policies to Address the Issue of School Funding
A proper and detailed assessment of the policy issue of the school funding in the country demands to proposed some better ways to effectively handle this concern. It is important for the legislative entities to evaluate alternative solutions to consider the one most suitable solution to the growing problem. It is necessary to consider that although the responsibilities of the federal government are limited for the specific sector of education according to the country’s constitution, still is crucial for the federal entity to ensure the equal and significant distribution of resources for all the states to attain the better learning outcomes at the national level. The first proposed solution is to assure the authentic regulation of the distr4ibution of finances. There is a need for proper checks and balances by adopting the flexible association between the federal government and the actual classroom scenario (BenDavid-Hadar, Case & Smith, 2018). The second proposed policy action is to take practical steps to guarantee the better perspectives of equity and adequacy when it comes to the approach of distribution of funds for the schools situated in different states of the country. The third possible solution is to take immediate steps to change the traditional approach of the system. The conventional form of education system fails to deliver better results for the effective learning of all the children of the country without any distinction. It is proposed for the local and federal governments to enhance their prospect of investment for the educational institutions.
Recommendation of a Solution
It is vital to propose one realistic solution to provide effective foundations to deal with the growing concern of the improper form of funding for schools. It is necessary to assess the effectiveness of the solutions through the consideration of the administrative feasibility of the particular solution. The proposed solution is referred to as the increase in the investment level for the educational institutes to address the problem of school funding better. Comprehensive accountability is essential to ensure the suitable and fruitful implications of the anticipated strategy. It is recommended for the federal and the local states to initiate the updated system and the overall structure to identify the actual needs of finances proposed by the schools located in different states. Schools are referred as the diverse human organizations that require necessary and detailed attention of the legislative and administrative entities. There is no need for fancy plans to address the issues of educational paradigm. It is important to evaluate the administrative viability of the policy of consideration of the new system. It is one costly approach that requires some detailed investigation to better address the growing crisis of funding in the field of education. Fairness of the funds for schools is only possible through the proper program of accountability. The federal government needs to enhance its involvement in the real educational concerns faced by the learning organizations and related entities at the state level.
Conclusion
To conclude the discussion of the public policy issue of school funding, it is vital to mention that it is one major concern for the different states of the country. It is important for the federal and the state governments to consider the complexity and the magnitude of this problem as it directly affects the learning approach of children. It is one core responsibility of the federal government to increase its involvement in the entire education system exist in all the different states of the country. Insufficiency of the current education policy demands different forms of formations and the adoption of the domain of policy change to deliver better outcomes for the field of education.
References
BenDavid-Hadar, I., Case, S., & Smith, R. (2018). School funding formulae: designed to create a learning society? Compare: A journal of comparative and international education, 48(4), 553-570.
ADDIN ZOTERO_BIBL {"uncited":[],"omitted":[],"custom":[]} CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY Cropf, R. A. (2015). American Public Administration: Public Service for the 21st Century (2-downloads). Taylor & Francis. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=PnWACgAAQBAJ
Denhardt, R. B. (2010). Theories of Public Organization. Cengage Learning. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=0mt5MF9EBJgC
Leachman, M., Albares, N., Masterson, K., & Wallace, M. (2016). Most states have cut school funding, and some continue cutting. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 4.
Leachman, M., & Mai, C. (2014). Most states still funding schools less than before the recession. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 16.
Vollrath, D. (2013). Inequality and school funding in the rural United States, 1890. Explorations in Economic History, 50(2), 267-284.
