Wound Management Plan 2

HLTENN006

Author Note

Case Study 1- Holistic Assessment of Patient

Medical History and Examination

77 years old man Mr Jackson with poor oral intake, intermittent pain from his wounds diabetic foot ulcer and arterial ulcer. Patient was examined and suggested to stay under observation in wound management care. The patient has previous medical history of IHD CABG, COPD, ETOH, GORD, Postural hypotension and T2DN on insulin. He had a second degree burn on his left arm as well as pressure ulcer stage 3 was also identified.

Types of Wound

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Diabetic foot ulcer is a wound which is usually observed in patients with diabetes. It is an open ulcer located on the lowermost part of the foot. It occurs due to high blood glucose level and poor circulation of blood.

Arterial Ulcer

These ulcers are often called as ischemic ulcers and are observed in patients having poor nutrition. It usually occurs at lower extremities. Arteries take oxygenated blood to the class and tissues. When the flow is lacking enough oxygen, the injury or damage to the arterial vessels occur. Nutrition and adequate sleep can help prevent these wounds in patients.

Pressure Ulcer

These ulcers develop due to the lengthy and constant stay on the bed. It is generally observed in elder individuals. It progresses due to pressure and compression of the skin.

Burn

These are frequently observed in patients having a burn or anything hot can also lead to burn injury. It may cause swelling, blister and painful skin.

Wound Management Principles

The wounds are difficult to manage in elderly patients because the age of the patient slow down the healing process by the tissues. The open wounds such as diabetic wounds, arterial ulcers are complicated wounds that can develop infections. The management of the sounds required moist healing, vacuum-assisted closure, and grafting in some cases. The diabetic ulcers take more time for healing as compared to other wounds. Use of pain killers and antibiotic therapy is usually suggested for the anticipation of the contamination and infection. The risk of wounds development increase with the age of the patients. Infections can aggravate the wound management and outcome in coughing, fever and other skin infections. Appropriate and suitable dressings, cleansing and management is mandatory for these types of wounds to improve the healing process. Patients should be educated regarding wound care, management and hygiene. Disorder skin, the colour of wound, area or location of the wound is important to note while taking a history of the patient.

Evaluation of Wound

Class

Diabetic Ulcer

Pressure Ulcer

Infected Arterial Ulcer

Burn

Wound bed status

Pus-filled, disruption of skin and painful.

Blood, red, painful and degenerative

Red and degenerative skin with infection

Painful blisters

Wound characteristics

Cloudy wound, presence of infection, dehiscence observed and slough present

Reddened, degenerative and itching

Dehiscence observed because of infection and slough but the cut was clear.

Red in colour having tenderness and swelling

Wound measurement

Not required

Condition of skin

Deteriorating

Soft, warm and bleeding

Degenerative and warm

Red and blisters

Wound exudate

Bad-odour, rough wound, red in colour, slough and pus

Red and pressure wound.

Soft, mal-odour, red and infected

Blisters

Further assessment

Itching, reddened

Painful

Itching and burning

Expectation of Wound Healing

Patients with diabetes and previous medical history of any surgery need more time for the healing of wounds. Age of the patient is also an important factor in the healing of the wounds. Patients with developing infections and contamination in the wounds would also need adequate time for wound healing ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"XHdFducm","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Lay-Flurrie, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Lay-Flurrie, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":161,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/DXKAZR6V"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/DXKAZR6V"],"itemData":{"id":161,"type":"article-journal","title":"The properties of hydrogel dressings and their impact on wound healing","container-title":"Practice nursing","page":"00","volume":"7","author":[{"family":"Lay-Flurrie","given":"Karen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Lay-Flurrie, 2019). In case of fever and cough, the patient is required to be adjusted in a safe and clean environment to improve healing time. Multidisciplinary approaches and regular dressing can improve the healing time of wounds ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"6cCvQaX9","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Van Lieshout et al., 2018)","plainCitation":"(Van Lieshout et al., 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":162,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/TCTIUPMS"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/TCTIUPMS"],"itemData":{"id":162,"type":"article-journal","title":"Epidemiology of injuries, treatment (costs) and outcome in burn patients admitted to a hospital with or without dedicated burn centre (Burn-Pro): protocol for a multicentre prospective observational study","container-title":"BMJ open","page":"e023709","volume":"8","issue":"11","author":[{"family":"Van Lieshout","given":"Esther MM"},{"family":"Van Yperen","given":"Daan T."},{"family":"Van Baar","given":"Margriet E."},{"family":"Polinder","given":"Suzanne"},{"family":"Boersma","given":"Doeke"},{"family":"Cardon","given":"Anne YMVP"},{"family":"De Rijcke","given":"Piet AR"},{"family":"Guijt","given":"Marc"},{"family":"Klem","given":"Taco MAL"},{"family":"Lansink","given":"Koen WW"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Van Lieshout et al., 2018).

Wound Management Plan

Category

Diabetic Ulcer

Pressure Ulcer

Infected Arterial Ulcer

Burn

Moist wound healing

Wound should be covered and moist healing process can enhance healing as an action plan for the management of wound, less contamination risk, this procedure endorsed the production of collagen and defensive growth factors that will enhance healing and repair.

It would be helpful as the wound is rough and reddened, provide adequate time for healing, to decrease contamination and improve the healing process.

managed by moist wound healing as this would prevent the desiccation and also help relieve pain, the damage can be repaired early.

Not required.

Skin & risk assessment

Rough and degenerative skin will lead the wound to develop inflammation and infection and healing will be slow.

Blood and rough skin. Fungal or bacterial infection may lead to fever and other leading disorders.

With infections the wound would be degenerative, Fungal or other skin infections may lead to skin disorders, cough and fever.

Sweltering requires to be properly controlled on the wound such as the risk of infection and bleeding would be increased in such wounds ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"PsFPvekM","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Van Lieshout et al., 2018)","plainCitation":"(Van Lieshout et al., 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":162,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/TCTIUPMS"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/TCTIUPMS"],"itemData":{"id":162,"type":"article-journal","title":"Epidemiology of injuries, treatment (costs) and outcome in burn patients admitted to a hospital with or without dedicated burn centre (Burn-Pro): protocol for a multicentre prospective observational study","container-title":"BMJ open","page":"e023709","volume":"8","issue":"11","author":[{"family":"Van Lieshout","given":"Esther MM"},{"family":"Van Yperen","given":"Daan T."},{"family":"Van Baar","given":"Margriet E."},{"family":"Polinder","given":"Suzanne"},{"family":"Boersma","given":"Doeke"},{"family":"Cardon","given":"Anne YMVP"},{"family":"De Rijcke","given":"Piet AR"},{"family":"Guijt","given":"Marc"},{"family":"Klem","given":"Taco MAL"},{"family":"Lansink","given":"Koen WW"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Van Lieshout et al., 2018).

Wound cleansing

Vital step for the cleansing of the wound comprises removal of debris and dead cells, and dressing scums, and to reduce contamination. Use antiseptics such as isotonic sodium chloride for cleansing along with this dressing. The dressing will prevent infections, constantly use sterile gloves for washing.

Distinctive dressing such as alginate dressing which will improve healing as it comprises of weed, Hydrocolloid plaster gel ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"c5NJZi5m","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Lay-Flurrie, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Lay-Flurrie, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":161,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/DXKAZR6V"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/DXKAZR6V"],"itemData":{"id":161,"type":"article-journal","title":"The properties of hydrogel dressings and their impact on wound healing","container-title":"Practice nursing","page":"00","volume":"7","author":[{"family":"Lay-Flurrie","given":"Karen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Lay-Flurrie, 2019).

Use of occlusive dressing can prevent patient uneasiness.

warm and hard dressings can be used, antibiotic ointment will castoff as the skin wound is shallow and at the skin surface.

Pressure support and relieving devices

For diabetic ulcers the skin is usually soft normal should be applied and to intact the skin covers the wound, Skin tightening can be done by using plaster adhesive tape and grafting tapes.

Grafting tape

Dehiscence or grafting tape

Not required

Prevention programs

Adequate dressing, cleansing, use of sterile gloves, suitable nutrition as per diabetic guide, cotton swab and antibiotic medications, sprays and dry dehiscence films. Safe and clean environment and proper advocacy of summer/winter precautions to preclude fever ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"uLeOeifi","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Lay-Flurrie, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Lay-Flurrie, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":161,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/DXKAZR6V"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/DXKAZR6V"],"itemData":{"id":161,"type":"article-journal","title":"The properties of hydrogel dressings and their impact on wound healing","container-title":"Practice nursing","page":"00","volume":"7","author":[{"family":"Lay-Flurrie","given":"Karen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Lay-Flurrie, 2019).

Appropriate dressing regularly, least contacts with air and water to prevent infection, disinfected gloves and support for summer winter season.

Regular occlusive dressing and less contact with the atmosphere predominantly water and polluted air. Safe and clean environment is suggested for this kind of wound.

Least contact with air and water. Dressing used should be dry ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"pNuZX8O9","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Van Lieshout et al., 2018)","plainCitation":"(Van Lieshout et al., 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":162,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/TCTIUPMS"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/TCTIUPMS"],"itemData":{"id":162,"type":"article-journal","title":"Epidemiology of injuries, treatment (costs) and outcome in burn patients admitted to a hospital with or without dedicated burn centre (Burn-Pro): protocol for a multicentre prospective observational study","container-title":"BMJ open","page":"e023709","volume":"8","issue":"11","author":[{"family":"Van Lieshout","given":"Esther MM"},{"family":"Van Yperen","given":"Daan T."},{"family":"Van Baar","given":"Margriet E."},{"family":"Polinder","given":"Suzanne"},{"family":"Boersma","given":"Doeke"},{"family":"Cardon","given":"Anne YMVP"},{"family":"De Rijcke","given":"Piet AR"},{"family":"Guijt","given":"Marc"},{"family":"Klem","given":"Taco MAL"},{"family":"Lansink","given":"Koen WW"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Van Lieshout et al., 2018). Ointment therapy is required regularly.

Selection of wound dressing

Hydroactive paste, use of moist sodium chloride dressing. Saline solution with sterile gloves for cleansing, dry dehiscence mediators, antiseptics for dressing.

Alginate bandage

Occlusive and antimicrobial dressings to protect ulcer from infection.

Antibiotic Ointment

Secondary dressing

Hydroactive gels, intrasite gel, foam and cloth

Hydrocolloid gel

Foam wound dressing

Pain management timeframe

Pain killers can be used for instant pain relief. healing in 5 to 6 weeks and may take months

Pain killer and other analgesics

Painkillers

Ointment and pain-relieving cream for skin ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"qy8D7Sid","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Van Lieshout et al., 2018)","plainCitation":"(Van Lieshout et al., 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":162,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/TCTIUPMS"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/TCTIUPMS"],"itemData":{"id":162,"type":"article-journal","title":"Epidemiology of injuries, treatment (costs) and outcome in burn patients admitted to a hospital with or without dedicated burn centre (Burn-Pro): protocol for a multicentre prospective observational study","container-title":"BMJ open","page":"e023709","volume":"8","issue":"11","author":[{"family":"Van Lieshout","given":"Esther MM"},{"family":"Van Yperen","given":"Daan T."},{"family":"Van Baar","given":"Margriet E."},{"family":"Polinder","given":"Suzanne"},{"family":"Boersma","given":"Doeke"},{"family":"Cardon","given":"Anne YMVP"},{"family":"De Rijcke","given":"Piet AR"},{"family":"Guijt","given":"Marc"},{"family":"Klem","given":"Taco MAL"},{"family":"Lansink","given":"Koen WW"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Van Lieshout et al., 2018)

Health Education

Sufficient nutrition is essential for the nourishment and energy of the patient suffering from multiple wounds. It has been observed that patients need to know the wound type, care plan and assessment to heal faster. The patient education in terms of adequate sleep, proper and nutritious diet, care, least contact with the air and polluted water is mandatory ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"citxgCgM","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Van Lieshout et al., 2018)","plainCitation":"(Van Lieshout et al., 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":162,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/TCTIUPMS"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/TCTIUPMS"],"itemData":{"id":162,"type":"article-journal","title":"Epidemiology of injuries, treatment (costs) and outcome in burn patients admitted to a hospital with or without dedicated burn centre (Burn-Pro): protocol for a multicentre prospective observational study","container-title":"BMJ open","page":"e023709","volume":"8","issue":"11","author":[{"family":"Van Lieshout","given":"Esther MM"},{"family":"Van Yperen","given":"Daan T."},{"family":"Van Baar","given":"Margriet E."},{"family":"Polinder","given":"Suzanne"},{"family":"Boersma","given":"Doeke"},{"family":"Cardon","given":"Anne YMVP"},{"family":"De Rijcke","given":"Piet AR"},{"family":"Guijt","given":"Marc"},{"family":"Klem","given":"Taco MAL"},{"family":"Lansink","given":"Koen WW"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Van Lieshout et al., 2018). Patient need education on elimination and cleansing of their wounds so that the healing process can be achieved as expected ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"BRCTn3eD","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Mervis & Phillips, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Mervis & Phillips, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":163,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/IP8NDR89"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/IP8NDR89"],"itemData":{"id":163,"type":"article-journal","title":"Pressure ulcers: prevention and management","container-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","author":[{"family":"Mervis","given":"Joshua S."},{"family":"Phillips","given":"Tania J."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Mervis & Phillips, 2019).

Pain Management

Class

Diabetic Ulcer

Pressure Ulcer

Infected Arterial Ulcer

Burn

Medications

Pain killer and antibiotics.

Pain killers

Painkillers

Antibiotic ointment

Pain management

Pressure therapies and grafting tape can help as infection aggravate the situation.

Pressure therapy such as redistribution apparatus ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"z17890Wx","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Mervis & Phillips, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Mervis & Phillips, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":163,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/IP8NDR89"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/IP8NDR89"],"itemData":{"id":163,"type":"article-journal","title":"Pressure ulcers: prevention and management","container-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","author":[{"family":"Mervis","given":"Joshua S."},{"family":"Phillips","given":"Tania J."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Mervis & Phillips, 2019)

Pressure therapies and pressure redistribution apparatus would be helpful

Pain-relieving emulsion for skin or peripheral use

Frequency and dose

Endone twice a day, esomeprazole once daily, hydromorphone twice a day and Panadol 3 times in a day.

Endone twice a day, esomeprazole once daily, hydromorphone twice a day and Panadol 3 times in a day or during pain.

hydromorphone twice a day and painkillers

Ointment, three times a day

Justifications for medication

Endone will be administered to relieve pain; Esomeprazole will be used to relief acidity of the stomach.

Endone will be administered to relieve pain; Esomeprazole will be used to help combat acidity of the stomach.

Endone will be administered to relieve pain.

For pain relief

Patient education for pain management

Regular and sufficient sleep to increase the healing process. Patient needs to avoid stress and also avoid aggravating factors such as incorrect diet as the ulcer is diabetic and unnecessary movement.

Regular sleep to increase the healing process. Avoid stress and also avoid aggravating factors such as inappropriate diet and unnecessary movement ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"4FMZNuk0","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Mervis & Phillips, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Mervis & Phillips, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":163,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/IP8NDR89"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/IP8NDR89"],"itemData":{"id":163,"type":"article-journal","title":"Pressure ulcers: prevention and management","container-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology","author":[{"family":"Mervis","given":"Joshua S."},{"family":"Phillips","given":"Tania J."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Mervis & Phillips, 2019).

Adequate sleep to increase the healing procedure. Avoid stress and avoid irritating elements such as unfortunate diet and needless movement.

Avoid stress and also avoid aggravating factors such as inappropriate diet and unnecessary movement. Proper sleep to increase the healing process.

Case Study 2- Holistic Assessment of Patient

Medical History and Examination

85 years old Mrs Miriam Gold with fluids overload, pneumonia and metastasis cervical cancer was admitted. Patient was examined and found with a malignant wound on groin and suggested to have wound management at hospital ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Yusv1uPw","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Lay-Flurrie, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Lay-Flurrie, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":161,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/DXKAZR6V"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/DXKAZR6V"],"itemData":{"id":161,"type":"article-journal","title":"The properties of hydrogel dressings and their impact on wound healing","container-title":"Practice nursing","page":"00","volume":"7","author":[{"family":"Lay-Flurrie","given":"Karen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Lay-Flurrie, 2019). The patient has previous medical history of COPD, GORD, and CABGs. She was drowsy and vague and lives with her husband however, the family do not want any further treatment.

Types of Wound

Malignant Wound on Groin

Malignant wounds usually occur because of the cancer cells and their infiltration to blood and lymph vessels. It causes loss of tissue sensitivity and ultimately death of the tissues. It appears in the form of lesion and can lead to metastasis.

Venous Ulcer

Venous ulcer is caused by the poor blood flow in the veins and lower limbs. It usually transpired in legs and cannot heal without proper management.

Wound Management Principles

The malignant and venous ulcers are complicated wounds that are difficult to manage in elderly patients because the age of the patient slow down the healing process of the tissues. The management of the sounds required moist healing, vacuum-assisted closure, and compression therapy in case of venous ulcers. Use of pain killers and antibiotic therapy is usually suggested for the anticipation of the contamination and infection ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"CR6ywwGu","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Lay-Flurrie, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Lay-Flurrie, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":161,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/DXKAZR6V"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/DXKAZR6V"],"itemData":{"id":161,"type":"article-journal","title":"The properties of hydrogel dressings and their impact on wound healing","container-title":"Practice nursing","page":"00","volume":"7","author":[{"family":"Lay-Flurrie","given":"Karen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Lay-Flurrie, 2019). The risk of wounds development increase with the age of the patients. Infections can aggravate the wound management and outcome in coughing, fever and other skin infections. Appropriate and suitable dressings, cleansing and management is mandatory for these types of wounds to improve the healing process. Patients should be educated regarding wound care, management and hygiene.

Evaluation of Wound

Class

Malignant wound on groin

Venous Ulcer

Wound bed status

Disruption of skin, painful, pus and has sinus

Degenerative and moist

Wound characteristics

Rough wound, pus and degenerative skin

Yellowish, infected skin observed, sloping edges

Wound measurement

Not required

Condition of skin

Worsening and oozing

Soft, and warm, painful

Wound exudate

Bad-odour, excessive exudate, rough wound, slough and pus

Excessive

Further assessment

Itching, pain

Expectation of Wound Healing

Patients with venous ulcers and malignant ulcers take more than normal time for their wounds to heal. It is suggested by the physicians that 3 to 4 months are required to heal venous wounds. Similarly, the age of the patient is also a significant factor in the healing of the wounds. Patients with developing infections and contamination in the wounds would need adequate time for wound healing ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"OuJUxTRr","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Lay-Flurrie, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Lay-Flurrie, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":161,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/DXKAZR6V"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/local/qnvKw9vm/items/DXKAZR6V"],"itemData":{"id":161,"type":"article-journal","title":"The properties of hydrogel dressings and their impact on wound healing","container-title":"Practice nursing","page":"00","volume":"7","author":[{"family":"Lay-Flurrie","given":"Karen"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Lay-Flurrie, 2019). In the case of other infections, the patient is required to live in a safe and clean environment to improve healing time.

Wound Management Plan